History of Leadership

1. History of Leadership Understanding Leadership By: Crawford, Brungardt, and Maughan

2. Eras of Leadership • Tribal • Pre-Classical • Classical • Progressive • Post-Progressive

3. Tribal Leadership • Role of coordinator and skilled expert • Directive and task-oriented • Leaders were “elected” based on size, strength, and agility • Leadership based on fear • Family leadership

4. Implications for Tribal Leaders • Brute force accepted, fear-based • Survival skills rule, but social skills are a plus • Coordinator, skilled expert

5. Implications for Tribal Followers • Failure to follow leads to death • Follower’s role important for tribal success • Long-term power derived from survival skills

6. Pre-Classical Leadership • Concerned with spirituality • Claimed divinity • Death was feared • Kings and queens

7. Implications for Pre-Classical Leaders • Spiritually or magically endowed • Male dominant • Kings and church in collusion • Brutality and oppression justified

8. Implications for Pre-Classical Followers • Subservient role • Vessels to be filled with spiritual teachings or law • Subhuman treatment accepted • Follow because of or through fear

9. Classical Leadership • Production at minimal costs • Stability • Workers are inefficient • Do what it takes to get the job done • Division of labor • Organize, control, command, decide, and manipulate for results

10. Implications for Classical Leaders • Production at all costs • Labor is infinite • Leaders lead and divide labor • Organize, control, command, decide, and manipulate for results

11. Implications for Classical Followers • Hard work expected, and “builds character” • Chaos is the downfall of the policy-driven organization • No one is indispensable • Workers considered lazy and inefficient

12. Progressive Leadership • The change game • Increase quality • Total Quality Management (TQM) • Empowerment

13. Implications for Progressive Leaders • Stability no longer the key • Change game, TQM, and re-engineering • Change agent, visionary for transformational change • Empowerment is the mantra, “Unlock the potential of everyone”

14. Implications for Progressive Followers • Everyone has a worth value • Collaboration means more power for followers, shared power • Intimate involvement with total organizational change • Needs met on management’s terms

15. Post-Progressive Leadership • Addresses the post-industrial world • Must be sensitive to the demands of the information society and post Cold War world • Social change models

16. Implications for Post-Progressive Leaders • Answers to issues in the post-industrial world • New democratic agenda • Social change, collaboration, and risk leadership models

17. Implications for Post-Progressive Followers • Collaboration and agenda building are the new roles of the follower • Equal partner in the leadership relationship • Followers’ needs met