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CHLORINE ISOTOPS DETERMINATION FOR TRACKING ORGANIC POLUTANTS REMEDIATION

CHLORINE ISOTOPS DETERMINATION FOR TRACKING ORGANIC POLUTANTS REMEDIATION. SECOND FRENCH-SERBIAN SUMMER SCHOOL. V.R.DJORDJEVIĆ , S.R.VELIČKOVIĆ, J.M. CVETIĆANIN, J.B. DJUSTEBEK, M.V. VELJKOVIĆ AND O.M. NEŠKOVIĆ Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry,

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CHLORINE ISOTOPS DETERMINATION FOR TRACKING ORGANIC POLUTANTS REMEDIATION

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  1. CHLORINE ISOTOPS DETERMINATION FOR TRACKING ORGANIC POLUTANTS REMEDIATION SECOND FRENCH-SERBIAN SUMMER SCHOOL V.R.DJORDJEVIĆ, S.R.VELIČKOVIĆ, J.M. CVETIĆANIN, J.B. DJUSTEBEK, M.V. VELJKOVIĆ AND O.M. NEŠKOVIĆ Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgarde, Serbia

  2. Water pollution • Water pollution is a major problem in the global context • Accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily • Major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water can be caused by natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes • Water pollution is a large set of negative effects upon water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities

  3. REMEDIATION Remediation means providing a remedy, so environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water for the general protection of human health and the environment.

  4. ORGANIC TOXIC MATERIAL • Chlorinated organic compounds are believed to cause health risks such as cancer, endocrine system disruption, birth defects, immune system disorders, and reduced fertility • Trichloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride, PCBs, chlorobenzene, and many chlorinated solvents, insecticides, and herbicides are the most common chlorinated organic toxic materials Do you remember the story of DDT?

  5. CHLORINE ISOTOPES and MASS SPECTROMETRY • Chlorine has the two naturally occurring isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl, with relative abundances of about 0.7553 and 0.2547, respectively. The ratio of 37Cl/35Cl ions is remarkably constant in nature. • Isotopic compositions are reported in per mil (‰) deviation from isotopic standard reference materials using the conventional δ notation: δ = [(Rsample/Rstandard)-1] x 1000; where R = 37Cl/35Cl. • Mass spectrometric methods are based on the ratio of 35Cl and 37Cl ions, but… • CH3Cl+, HCl

  6. Mass spectrometer used in this investigation was a 12-inch radius, 90° sector, magnetic instrument of local design. A triple Rhenium filament thermal ionization source was used in experimental setup.

  7. SO WHAT DID WE DO? • The evaporation (sample) filament was doped with water samples and Cs2CO3 used as a reagent directly to develop Cs2Cl+ ions in the mass ion source. • Cs is monoisotopic, therefore ratio of 303/301 masses of Cs237Cl+/Cs235Cl+ correspond to ratio of 37Cl /35Cl. • The Cs2Cl+ ion has low ionization potential suitable for thermal ionization analysis.

  8. ALSO…. • The filaments were treated with 3 µl of the graphite slurry or to coat the whole filament. The addition of graphite in filament loading significantly enhances Cs2Cl+ emission from CsCl. • The data were collected by switching magnetically between the masses 301 and 303. Obtained results for various samples of sea water at various temperature range were in good correlation with the expected ones.

  9. CONCLUSION Chlorine isotopic determination for tracking organic pollutants remediation via thermal ionization mass spectrometry is proposed as a simple procedure. The information provided in such way can prove chlorine stable isotope variation in contaminated nature samples to be significant, judging the origin of pollutant and paths of its remediation.

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