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America in a World at War

America in a World at War. 1942 - 1945. Introduction. Profound changes at home and abroad Deficit spending End to the Depression. The American People in Wartime. Am. society experienced profound changes. Prosperity and the Rights of Labor. WWII ended the Depression Fed. budget increased

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America in a World at War

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  1. America in a World at War 1942 - 1945

  2. Introduction • Profound changes at home and abroad • Deficit spending • End to the Depression

  3. The American People in Wartime • Am. society experienced profound changes

  4. Prosperity and the Rights of Labor • WWII ended the Depression • Fed. budget increased • Personal incomes & savings increased • Consumer goods scarce • Impact of govt. spending was greatest in the West

  5. Prosperity and the Rights of Labor, cont. • War created a labor shortage • Union membership increased but “no-strike” pledges

  6. Stabilizing the Boom and Mobilizing Production • Office of Price Administration (OPA) controlling wages & prices • Rationed scarce goods • War bonds • War Production Board to coordinate war economy

  7. African Americans and the War • Working toward improving position • A. Philip Randolph & Fair Employment Practices Commission • 2nd Great Migration • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) • Segregation w/in military

  8. Native Americans and the War • ~25,000 served • Combat & Navajo “code-talkers” • Pressure to eliminate reservations & encourage assimilation

  9. Mexican American War Workers • Bracero program (contract laborers) • Agriculture & industrial jobs • “Zoot suit” riots in L.A. (June 1943)

  10. The Internment of the Japanese Americans • Issei/Nisei • More than 100,000 interned • Korematsu v. United States (1944) • Compensation (1988)

  11. Women and Children in Wartime • “Rosie the Riveter” • Service-sector, support work • “Latchkey children” & “Eight-hour orphans” • Teenagers employed • Marriage & divorce rates rose • “Baby boom”

  12. The Internment of the Japanese Americans

  13. The Retreat from Reform • Dismantled some New Deal programs • Election of 1944

  14. War on Two Fronts • Pacific theatre • European theatre

  15. International Players • Hitler – Germany • Mussolini – Italy • Hirohito/Tojo – Japan • Churchill - Britain • Stalin - Russia • Roosevelt – US of A

  16. Containing the Japanese • Japanese controlled Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong (May 1942) • U.S. strategy to move north from Australia & west from HI to Japan • Battle at Midway Island (June 1942) turning pt.

  17. Holding Off the Germans • Two-front war • East (Russia) • West (France) • Allied offensive repelled Germans in North Africa (May 1943) • Stalingrad (1942 – 1943) • Allies moving into Italian mainland (1943)

  18. Holding Off the Germans, cont. • Postponement of an Allied invasion of France • Angering Soviets, allowing them to move into eastern Europe

  19. America and the Holocaust • Knowledge of Holocaust by 1942 • Not bombing concentration camps, rail lines • Not allowing Jewish refugees into America

  20. The Defeat of the Axis • Allies seize offensive (1943) • D-Day (June 6, 1944) • Battle of the Bulge • V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

  21. The Manhattan Project & Atomic Warfare • Oak Ridge, TN & Los Alamos, NM • Truman in Potsdam delivered ultimatum to Japan • August 6 & 9, 1945 • Cold War begins

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