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Republican Revolution

Republican Revolution. Jefferson’s Presidency. Thomas Jefferson. Election of 1800- Jefferson (D-R) v. Adams (Fed.) Marked the first time that power was transferred from one party to another- REVOLUTION OF 1800 “we are all Federalists, we are all Democratic-Republicans”

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Republican Revolution

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  1. Republican Revolution Jefferson’s Presidency

  2. Thomas Jefferson • Election of 1800- Jefferson (D-R) v. Adams (Fed.) • Marked the first time that power was transferred from one party to another- REVOLUTION OF 1800 • “we are all Federalists, we are all Democratic-Republicans” • Jefferson helps the common man • Repeals the excise tax and the Naturalization Act • Alien and Sedition Acts expire

  3. Marbury v.Madison(1803) Background • While Adams was President he appointed John Marshall, a Federalist, to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court • His decisions consistently strengthened the power of the federal government at the expense of the power of state governments • Prior to leaving office, Adams pushed through the Judiciary Act of 1801, which increased the number of federal judges by 16 • Filled these positions with Federalists • Called “midnight judges” b/c Adams signed their appointments late on his last day of office

  4. Marbury v. Madison Case • William Marbury was one of these judges but never received his official papers • James Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State and Jefferson orders Madison not to deliver the papers • “too late, sorry!” • Marbury petitions Madison to send his papers, citing the Judiciary Act of 1789 • JA 1789 gives the Supreme Court the power to force Madison to perform his duties and deliver the papers

  5. Marbury v. Madison Arguments • Issue: Does Marbury have the right to the commission (the job)? • Marbury argues: the commission was signed, sealed but never delivered therefore had the right to sue Madison for not following though • Madison argues: He was following Jefferson’s orders. Because the commission had not been delivered under Adams, the appointment had not be completed

  6. Marbury v. Madison Decision • John Marshall decides that the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that gives the court authority to force Madison to perform his duties was unconstitutional • Therefore is voided by the Court • Significance: Decision established JUDICIAL REVIEW- the ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional**

  7. As a D-R, Jefferson believed in: • Rights of the common man • Farming and agriculture • States rights • Strict interpretation of the constitution • France • Low tariffs • Small military

  8. Louisiana Purchase • Americans continue their migration west over the Appalachians • 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte of France persuaded Spain to return the LA Territory • Jefferson feared a strong French presence in the mid-continent would force the U.S. into an alliance with Britain • T.J. worried the French would close the port of New Orleans and block development west

  9. LA Purchase continued • Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans and Florida from France • U.S. bought the territory for $15 million • T.J. worried that this is unconstitutional • Eased by the elastic clause • The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States • Jefferson partially abandons strict interpretation of the Constitution

  10. Lewis and Clark • Jefferson appointed Mariwether Lewis to lead an expedition called the Corp of Discovery from St. Louis to the Pacific coast • T.J. ordered them to collect scientific information about unknown plants and animals and to learn as much as possible about Native American tribes • William Clark chosen as 2nd in command • Met- Sacajawea- Native American woman who served as a guide and interpreter • Expedition took 2 years and 4 months

  11. Happy Wednesday!! • Pick up an Agenda and take out your Lewis and Clark Movie notes. We will finish the video • The following people got an “A” on the last test: • Tamir Kevin G* Sammy • Jamie Nick Sonal • Rachel Cardenas Mike • Rachel Clem* Myranda • Zaara Gracie* • Nicole Brady

  12. Republican Revolution War of 1812

  13. Britain v. France • 1803, Britain and France go to war- AGAIN! • Threatens American shipping • Napoleon tries to exclude British goods from Europe • Britain blockades (seals off) its ports and prevent ships from entering or leaving • Order of Council • Britain also forcing American sailors into the British Navy (impressments)

  14. Chesapeake Incident (1807) • Commander of a British warship demanded the right to board and search the US ship Chesapeake • Looking for British deserters • US captain refused, and the British opened fire • Killing 3 Americans, wounding 18

  15. Embargo Act (1807) • Jefferson convinces Congress to declare an embargo- ban on exporting products to other countries • Believed it would hurt Britain and other European powers and force them to honor American neutrality • Hurt America more and in 1809 the embargo was lifted • Except for Britain and France- still couldn’t trade with them

  16. Tecumseh’s Confederacy • 1809- General William Henry Harrison (governor of Indiana Territory) persuaded Native American tribes to sign away 3 million acres of land to the US gov’t • Shawnee chief Tecumseh refused- formed a confederacy- a united Native American nation • Began negotiating with Britain for assistance in war with Americans

  17. War Hawks call for War • 1811- Tecumseh's brother led an attack on Harrison- Battle of Tippecanoe • Native Americans were using arms from British Canada • Harrison strikes back and burned the Shawnee capital • Harrison becomes a national hero • Young Congressmen from the South and West known as WAR HAWKS called for war against Britain • Led by Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky (Speaker of the House of Representatives) • Motto was “On to Canada!”

  18. James Madison as President • Democratic-Republican- won election of 1808 • Both Britain and France promised to stop violating US rights but impressments still going on • Congress declared war in 1812 • Madison believed Britain was trying to strangle American trade and cripple American economy

  19. War of 1812 • Declared war in June 1812 • Britain repealed the Orders of Council (impressments) but it was too late • US was unprepared for war • British captured Detroit and US failed to take Montreal • British invaded Washington D.C. in 1814 • Burned the Capitol, White House and other public buildings • From there they proceeded to Baltimore and attacked Fort McHenry

  20. War of 1812 cont. • During the fighting, Francis Scott Key wrote the poem “Defense of Fort McHenry” • Later put to the tune of an old pub song and became the “Star Spangled Banner” • Battle of New Orleans 1815: • Led by General Andrew Jackson • Troops defeated the British • Fighting ended after this battle

  21. Treaty of Ghent • Unknown to Jackson, British and American diplomats had signed a peace treaty, before battle of NO • Signed Christmas Eve 1814- declared an armistice (end fighting) • Didn’t address the issue of impressments or neutral shipping rights

  22. Happy Friday!! • Pick up an Agenda on the stand in the front and start working on the warm-up on the back • Turn in the War of 1812 v. American Revolution Venn Diagram if you haven’t already done so

  23. Republican Revolution Regional Economies

  24. Regional Developments • The North and South developed different economic systems • Led to political differences between regions • North- commercial and industrial • South- slave based agricultural system

  25. An Industrial Revolution • Changes resulting from machines replacing hand tools and large-scale factory production developed • New England invested in industry more than any other region • Lowell, Mass.- 1st large scale textile factories • Employed young, unmarried women

  26. Eli Whitney • Inventor who dramatically impacted the development of the US economy • Interchangeable parts-involved the use of gun parts that were exactly alike • Significance: factories are the new centers of industry- MASS PRODUCTION- producing goods in large quantities • Cotton gin- machine that separated seeds from raw cotton • Significance: made growing of cotton more profitable- EXPANSION OF SLAVERY

  27. Northern Economy • Manufacturing in factories • Some agriculture • Mostly self-sufficient farmers • Major agricultural products: corn, wheat, cattle • No slave labor

  28. Southern Economy • AGRICULTURE • “Cotton is King” • Cotton gin made it easier to grow and easy to process= more profit • High demand for cotton in Great Britian and New England textile mills • Plantations expanded into the lower/deep south • Slavery expanded as cotton production expanded

  29. How do we keep our country together? • As the country develops into 2 significantly different regions, Madison looks for ways to unite the regions • Create a strong stable self-sufficient economy

  30. Stop and Think • If the country is dividing, what kind of things can we do the keep it together and continue to promote “nationalism”?

  31. Henry Clay and the American System • Plan to unify the nation (economically) • Industrial north would produce the manufactured goods that farmers in the south and west would buy • Agricultural south would produce most of the grain, meat and cotton needed in the north • National currency and transportation system would aid in the exchange of goods • America would be economically independent of Britain and France

  32. American System continued • Also included internal improvements • National Roads-federal highways started in 1811 and eventually connected MD-IL • Erie Canal- 363 miles from Albany, NY on the Hudson River to Buffalo, NY on Lake Erie • Significance: connected the Great Lakes region of the Northwest to the Atlantic Ocean. Also made NYC most important port city

  33. Protective Tariffs • Tax on imported goods to PROTECT American manufacturing • Tariff of 1816- 1st one passed by Congress • Money collected would be used for internal improvements • Support from north but not South

  34. Stop and Think • Why would the North support protective tariffs but not the South?

  35. Second Bank of the US • Issued national currency • Hold all taxes collected by the federal government • Charted for 20 years in 1816

  36. Happy Monday!!!! • Pick up an Agenda on the stand in the front and start working on the warm-up on the back • It’s Veterans Day!! Remember to thank a veteran today for their service!

  37. Republican Revolution Nationalism

  38. Nationalism (Stop and Think) • What is Nationalism? • Why is it important at this time in history?

  39. Nationalism and the Supreme Court • John Marshall and the SC continue to boost the power of the federal government • Examples can be seen in 3 important court cases heard by the Supreme Court • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

  40. Gibbons v. Ogden • Ogden had been granted a monopoly to run a steamboat service between NY and NJ on the Hudson River • Gibbons started a competing service and was sued by Ogden • Marshall ruled that Ogden’s monopoly was illegal • interstate commerce could only be regulated by fed gov’t • Significance: Congress had the power to regulate ALL interstate commerce

  41. McCulloch v. Maryland • MD had taxed a brand of the national bank located in Baltimore • Marshall ruled that the fed gov’t is supreme over state gov’t • States cannot tax a federal institution • “THE POWER TO TAX IS THE POWER TO DESTROY” • Significance: nat’l bank declared constitutional (implied powers) • Federal gov’t’s control over economic issues is strengthened

  42. Dartmouth College v. Woodward • New Hampshire wanted to alter the charter of Dartmouth making it a state school • Marshall ruled that the charter was a contract and the Constitution didn’t allow states to interfere with contracts • Significance: weakens the power of the state governments

  43. Nationalism and Foreign Policy • James Monroe- 5th President (Dem. Rep) • John Quincy Adams- Secretary of State • “Stop and think”- What does the Secretary of State do? • Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)- Signed with Great Britain • Demilitarized the Great Lakes region by limiting the number of ships each country could have there

  44. Nationalism and Foreign Policy Continued • Convention of 1818-Signed with Great Britian • Fixed the northern border of the US at the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains in the west • Oregon Territory would be jointly occupied by U.S. and Great Britain • Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)- Signed with Spain • Spain ceded Florida to the United States

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