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Compounds for Life

Compounds for Life. Let’s start with a quick review…. CARBON is the backbone of all organic compounds. It has the ability to form 4 covalent bonds. Macromolecules.

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Compounds for Life

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  1. Compounds for Life

  2. Let’s start with a quick review… • CARBON is the backbone of all organic compounds. • It has the ability to form 4 covalent bonds.

  3. Macromolecules • All large organic compounds are like a train consisting on many cars…they are composed of smaller subunits or building blocks called MONOMERS. • When you join monomers together you get a larger molecule called a POLYMER! • A macromolecule is a large molecule and can also be called a polymer!

  4. 4 MAJOR MACROMOLECULES • Carbohydrates (also called polysaccharides) • Lipids • Proteins (also called polypeptides) • Nucleic Acids

  5. CARBOHYDRATES • Composed of C, H, O (1:2:1 ratio) • EXAMPLE: C6H12O6 • Functions include: providing quick energy, being structural components • Examples include starch(plants store energy), cellulose(plant cell walls), glycogen(mammals store energy)

  6. Carbs continued • Made from smaller subunits or monomers called MONOSACCHARIDES (or simple sugars) • Example = Glucose

  7. LIPIDS • Contain elements C, H, O (many hydro-carbon bonds) • Includes fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, steroid hormones • Made of FATTY ACIDS & GLYCEROL • Main functions include: back-up/stored energy, insulation, component of cell membrane

  8. PROTEINS • Have COHN (unlike carbs and lipids, have N!) • Made of AMINO ACIDS (20 different ones) • MANY functions: structural component, transport substances, speed up chemical reactions, regulation • Examples include enzymes, hormones, antibodies, hemoglobin

  9. NUCLEIC ACIDS • Includes only DNA (deoxyriboNUCLEIC ACID) & RNA (riboNUCLEIC ACID) • Elements include COHNPS (the biggies!) • Built of repeating units known as NUCLEOTIDES • Functions include storing and communicating genetic information

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