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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Organic Chemistry. Chemistry of carbon compounds Are called hydrocarbons Carbon can make four bonds that are very strong Chemical Formula – notation using symbols and numbers to represent the composition of a substance

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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  1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

  2. Organic Chemistry • Chemistry of carbon compounds • Are called hydrocarbons • Carbon can make four bonds that are very strong • Chemical Formula – notation using symbols and numbers to represent the composition of a substance • Structural Formula- shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

  3. ALKANE SERIES • Saturated Hydrocarbons • Follow the formula CnH2n+2 • These molecules ONLY have single bonds (SATURATED) • Suffix is -ANE

  4. MEMORIZE THESE PREFIXES • METH- one carbon • ETH- two carbons • PROP- three carbons • BUT- four carbons • PENT- five carbons • HEX- six carbons • HEPT- seven carbons • OCT- eight carbons • NON- nine carbons • DEC- ten carbons

  5. Write the chemical and structural formula for the following • METHANE • C1H4 • PROPANE • C3H8 • PENTANE • C5H12

  6. NAMING BRANCHED ALKANES • Find the longest chain of carbons • Parent chain • Number the carbons in the parent chain starting at the end closest to the first branch • This branch is designated with a number and has the suffix –yl • If more than one of the same kind of branch is found, use a prefix (di, tri) • If more than one kind of branch is found, list them in alphabetical order

  7. Draw the structural formula for the following • 2-methylpentane • 2,2-dimethylhexane • 2,4-dimethylhexane • 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptane

  8. ISOMERS • A substance that has the same chemical formula as another substance but differs in structure • Draw and name the FIVE isomers of hexane

  9. ALKENE SERIES • Unsaturated hydrocarbons • Have double bonds between carbon atoms • Follow the formula CnH2n

  10. NAMING ALKENES • Alkenes are numbered starting at the side nearest the first double bond • The parent compound is named from the longest continuous chain containing the double bond • The suffix –ENE is used

  11. 3-hexene • 2-methylpropene • 4-propyl-4-octene

  12. ALKYNES • Unsaturated hydrocarbons • Have TRIPLE bonds between carbon atoms • Follow the formula CnH2n - 2 • Use the suffix -YNE

  13. CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS • Cycloalkanes • CnH2n • cyclohexane • ethylcyclohexane • 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

  14. Halogen derivatives • 2-bromopropane • 1,4-dichloro-1-butene • 1,3-dichlorobenzene

  15. ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS • R- represents any hydrogen radical • Alcohol: • Contain the hydroxyl group • R-O-H • Ending –ol • CH3OH – methanol • Ethanol • 2-propanol

  16. Ethers • R – O – R • -oxy- • CH3OCH2CH3 methoxyethane • Propoxypentane

  17. Aldehydes • R – C – H ll O • -al • CH3CH2CHO propanal • Pentanal

  18. Ketones • R – C – R ll O • -one • CH3COCH2CH32-butanone • propanone (acetone) • pentanone

  19. Organic Acids • R – C – O – H ll O • -oic acid • CH3CH2CH2COOH butanoic acid • pentanoic acid

  20. Esters • R – C – O – R ll O • -yl oate • CH3CH2CH2OOCCH3 • propyl ethanoate • Ethyl pentanoate

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