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Stress

Stress. Dr. Ramez N. Bedwani. Life is not going smooth all the time. we are subjected most of the time to different kinds of pressure ضغط and stressful situations مواقف . We normally cope نتأقلم / نتكيف with stress by : physiological And psychological ways.

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Stress

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  1. Stress Dr. Ramez N. Bedwani

  2. Life is not going smooth all the time. • we are subjected most of the time to different kinds of pressureضغط and stressful situationsمواقف. • We normally cope نتأقلم / نتكيفwith stress by : • physiological And • psychological ways.

  3. Outcome • Definition • Examples • Severity (Major / Minor) • General Adaptation Syndrome GAS(متلازمة التأقلم العامة) • Coping with stress (التكيف مع الضغوط ) (healthy C./ unhealthy C.) • Failure of coping mechanisms • Psychosomatic disorders

  4. DEFINITIONS* • Stress (الضغط) : it is The response (إستجابة / رد فعل) of the body to an unpleasant (غير مستحب ) unwelcomed (غيرمرغوب) stimulus (مثير) • Stressors (الضواغط): The environmental, physical or social situationsالمواقف)), or events (الأحداث) which elicit (تثير) the stress responses of the body. (Challenging our capacity of adaptation) تتحدى مقدرتنا على التأقلم

  5. EXAMPLES • Changes in one’s life (التغيرات المرحلية : كالبلوغ/ شهادات الدراسة /الزواج/ الإنجاب) • Injury (الإصابات) • Infection (العدوى) • Exercise (المجهود العضلى) • Noise(الضوضاء) • Climate (الطقس) • job loss or promotion ( الترقية أو فقدان الوظيفة) • Social / family troubles (الإضطرابات الإجتماعية و العائلية) ( death of a member, Divorce, major illness etc.) • Natural disasters (الكوارث الطبيعية )

  6. SEVERITY • stresses : • could be major or minor & the response is usually appropriate to the severity • factors affecting response to stress : • Personality characteristicsمقومات الشخصية • Hereditary factors عوامل وراثية • Early childhood experienceخبرات الطفولة • Preparatory information (معلومات إعداد)

  7. a minor environmental event may have massive effect according to the psychological meaning for a sensitive(حساس)individual e.g: an anxious (قلق)adolescent who becomes disorganized (يتشتت تفكيره)upon leaving his family to college(المغتربين) .

  8. General adaptation syndrome(GAS*) GAS : the stages of normalbody response to stressors • This syndrome has three stages: “A.R.E” a- The Alarm reaction (الإنتباه): which is the emergency (الطارئة)response of the body due to Sympathetic Nervous system stimulation

  9. b- The stage of Resistance (المقاومة) : Characterized (تتميز)by hormonal response and Functional recovery to pre stress stage due to ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) , cortisol from Adrenal cortexالغدة جار الكلوية – الكظرية ) & Endorphins (الأفيونات الطبيعية بالمخ و الجسم) c- The stage of exhaustion (الإرهاق و الإستنفاذ): During which the body’s ability to respond to stressors breaks down (إنهيار) .

  10. ضغط stress summary • Alarm إنتباه و توتر : و تحفيز للجهاز العصبى السيمباثاوى اللى بيعد الجسم للتحرك و التصرفAction (طرق التأقلم و التكيف : الحلول تؤدى لزيادة الخبرة و نمو و نضج أكتر لشخصيتى) • Resistance مرحلة المقاومة : هرمونات الكورتيزون و المسكنات الأفيونات الطبيعية اللى فى جسمنا • Exhaustion إنهيار المقاومة : Chronic stress مستنى الجواز / الخلفة/ أتغنى / الهجرة الأمراض النفسجسمية و الإضطرابات السلوكية (تصل لإدمانات)

  11. Coping with stress* I- Normal healthy coping: individuals differ in their ability and ways to cope with stress, using normal devices to cope with stressors. So healthy (الأصحاء)individuals (الأفراد)may resolve the crisis (الأزمات)in an adaptive (تأقلم)growth promoting (تحفز النمو) way by :(F.P.N.S) (a) Facing reality (مواجهة الواقع) seeing reality in a balanced way (pros and cons) and respecting (إحترام )its demands (متطلباته)by doing effort (بذل الجهد) (b) Problem solving attitude (إتجاه حل المشاكل) (c ) New ways of adaptation to overcome obstacles إستحداث طرق للتأقلم (التعلم ) (d) Social support :

  12. (d) Social support : (continued) we need external support ( دعم و مساندة )from the surrounding members of the family or society. Such support is increased in stressful situations and is very helpful. examples: • visiting sick people • the habits (عادات)and ritual (تقاليد)of funeral (الجنازة) , where relatives (الأقارب) gather (يجتمعوا) together to help overcome(التغلب) the loss.

  13. II. Unhealthy coping : aiding (مساعدة)for improvement(للتحسن) • if Aperson is intolerable to most stresses whatever minor. • Encourage ( شجعه) him to try certain techniques that could help him to relax then train (تدربه) him to become more capable (أكثر مقدرة) to manage stress situations using healthy coping

  14. Techniques aiding people with unhealthy coping to relax الهدؤ الواعى : (Meditation/ Relaxation T/ Biofeedback/ systematic desensitization / Hypnosis) 1- meditation (التأمل) through praying , meditation . Relax the mind, by special attention to and repeating religious words. 2-Relaxation training (تمارين الإسترخاء) + Music, yoga, …..

  15. 3- Biofeedback: (إعادة التغذية للعلامات الحيوية) -a procedure is learnt to modify internal responses such as heart rate and body temperature ( also used in Lie detector) -Involuntary physiological responses could be brought under voluntary control through conditioning (شرطى ) 4- Systematic desensitization (إزالةإلحساسية للمخاوف بطريقة متدرجة و منتظمة) Gradual exposure to fearful stimuli

  16. 5-Hypnosis: (التنويم) - In this device deep trance state in which one is very suggestible (سهل الإيحاء) - Now, it is believed that it is better to modify the behavior while individuals are in the normal state of consciousness, to achieve more lasting results.

  17. Failureإنهيار of coping التكيفmechanisms* • Cognitive معرفيةand Emotional عاطفية: Irritability (توتر),suspiciousness(الإرتياب),Indecisiveness (decide, عدم القدرة على إتخاذ قرار، تردد) Decreased concentration (صعوبة فى التركيز) , impaired memoryإضطراب الذاكرة • Behavioral سلوكية: Overeatingالشراهة , sleep disturbance, إضطراب النوم (smokingالتدخين, drugsالمكيفات , sexالجنس) • Physical جسدية: Headache, Migraine,صداع نصفىBackpainآلام أسفل الظهر, body aches, indigestion عسر هضم, tremorsرعشة ألأطراف,

  18. Psychosomatic disorders*(أمراض أو إضطرابات نفسجسمية) • These are true body lesions (إصابات حقيقية)that result from emotional hyperactivity or accumulating تراكمstress, (to produce pathological تغيرات مرضيةchanges in a specific organ)فى أعضاء محددة especially: • Gastrointestinalالجهاز الهضمى: peptic ulcerقرحة المعدة • cardiovascularالجهاز الدورى: hypertensionإرتفاع ضغط الدم, coronary artery diseaseأمراض الشريان التاجى • respiratory systems الجهاز التنفسى: Asthma(حساسية الصدر) • skin الجلد: alopecia areata ((الثعلبة

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