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INCORPORATING IK INTO KERLA’S TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN -A CASE STUDY

INCORPORATING IK INTO KERLA’S TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN -A CASE STUDY. PROF. G. M. NAIR, DIRECTOR. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerala, India www.tbgri.org gmnair@rediffmail.com. GENESIS OF THE PROGRAMME.

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INCORPORATING IK INTO KERLA’S TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN -A CASE STUDY

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  1. INCORPORATING IK INTO KERLA’S TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN -A CASE STUDY PROF. G. M. NAIR, DIRECTOR Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerala, India www.tbgri.org gmnair@rediffmail.com

  2. GENESIS OF THE PROGRAMME • ORGANISED A PRE-WORKSHOP BRAIN STORMING SESSION ON • INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE STRATEGIES FOR KERALA, • AT GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, • UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF HON’BLE CHIEF • MINISTER OF KERALA SRI A. K. ANTONY , ON • 20TH SEPTEMBER 2002 THROUGH ASSISTANCE FROM • WORLD BANK IK GROUP • SENIOR BUREAUCRATS OF GOVERNMENT • OF KERALA, HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS, PLANNERS, • SENIOR SCIENTISTS, REPRESENTATIVES FROM WORLD • BANK IK GROUP AND DELEGATES FROM KENYA, • UGANDA AND ETHIOPIA PARTICIPATED.

  3. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BRAIN STORMING SESSION • IDENTIFY A NODAL AGENCY FOR ADVISING THE GOVERNMENT, FOR IMPLEMENTING IK PROGRAMMES • PREPARE AN INVENTORY OF IK FROM DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THE COMMUNITIES • PRIORITISE IK FOR SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM PROJECT PROPOSALS • EAR MARK A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF BUDGETARY PROVISION FROM CONCERNED DEPARTMENTAL ALLOCATIONS FOR IK RELATED ACTIVITIES • SUBMIT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF KERALA AND THE KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD, CONCRETE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IK RELATED ACTIVITIES IN THE 10TH PLAN

  4. FOLLOW UP PROGRAMME • ORGANISED A WORKSHOP ON “INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE STRATEGIES FOR KERALA” FROM 7-9 OCTOBER 2002, AT THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, WITH THE SUPPORT OF IK PROGRAMME, WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON DC. • WORKSHOP WAS INAUGURATED BY HON’BLE CHIEF MINISTER OF KERALA STATE, SRI A. K. ANTONY • SRI V. RAMACHANDRAN, VICE-CHAIRMAN, KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD DELIVERED THE KEY-NOTE ADDRESS • SRI S. M. VIJAYANAND, SECRETARY, PLANNING AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, GOVERNMENT OF KERALA WAS ALSO PRESENT ON THE OCCASION • ATTENDED BY ABOUT 120 INVITEES, WHO ARE EXPERTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE AREAS. PLANNERS, BUREAUCRATS, SCIENTISTS, ACADEMICIANS, FARMERS, MEDIA-PERSONS, TECHNOLOGISTS, TRIBALS AND TRADITIONAL MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS.

  5. TRADITIONAL FIRE DANCE FOLKDANCE

  6. OBJECTIVE • THE WORKSHOP WAS ORGANISED WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP CONCRETE IK BASED PROPOSALS FOR SUBMISSION TO THE KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD, SO THAT THESE PROPOSALS COULD BE INCORPORATED INTO THE 10TH FIVE YEAR PLAN. OUTCOME SPECIFIC SHORT-TERM AND LONG–TERM PROPOSALS, SUBMITTED AFTER DISCUSSION AND DEBATE BY VARIOUS GROUPS AND PANELS DURING THE WORKSHOP, WERE SUBMITTED TO THE GOVERNMENT OF KERALA.

  7. Diversity of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) TOPICS DISCUSSED IK in Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization Agriculture Health care Animal husbandry Fisheries Art & Culture Architecture Rural technology etc.

  8. ACTION INTEGRATING WITH 10TH FIVE YEAR PLAN, KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD SANCTIONED A PROJECT ON PROMOTION OF TRADITIONAL TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE VIDE ORDER NO. A1-7033/03/SPB. DATED 23/10/2003 AT A TOTAL COST OF RUPEES 30 LAKHS, DURING THE YEAR 2003 AND 2004 • FACILITATING INSTITUTIONS IN KERALA • TROPICAL BOTANIC GARDEN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PALODE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. • KERALA FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THRISSUR • KERALA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, THRISSUR • CENTRE FOR WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT (CWRDM), KOZHIKODE • KIRTADS, KOZHIKODE • AHADS, PALAKKAD

  9. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE “ Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is a community based functional knowledge system developed, preserved and refined by generations of people through continuous interaction, observation and experimentation with their surrounding environment. It is a dynamic system, ever-changing,adapting and adjusting to the local situations and has close links with the culture, civilization and religious practices of the communities. IK covers all spheres of human activity such as art, literature, health, education, agriculture, environment etc.”

  10. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Real observers/ protectors/ beneficiaries of Biodiversity is Indigenous/ local communities. Indigenous knowledge on biodiversity is the asset of the country which ensures the food, health and economic security of the nation.

  11. IK related to traditional medicine in India Source Classical Health Tradition (CHT) Oral Health Tradition (OHT) • Traditionally trained folk healers/ village physicians • Not traditionally trained but experienced in certain health practices (eg.Dai,bonesetters,specialists in treating poisons, jaundice, mental disorders) • Aged people or different ethnic communities including women treating the patients based on the knowledge acquired from their predecessors. • Individuals who acquired(educated group) certain knowledge from their predecessors. • Tribal- tribal communities/ physicians/ aged individuals. • Vedic / classical texts and treatise like • Rigveda, Atharvaveda, Charakasamhita • (Text on ancient Indian Medicine) • Susrutha samhita (Text on ancient Indian surgery ),Ashtangahridaya ((Text on ancient Indian medicine & surgery) &other numerous related text books in both sanskrit and • regional languages

  12. PRECISE OBJECTIVES • Survey, collection, inventory and documentation of tribal / local / folk medicines of the districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and Pathanamthitta. • Recording of traditional use and knowledge system on the local flora. • Study, analysis and organisation of the data and preparation of computerised database. • Preparation of report on the indigenous / traditional use of medicinal plants.

  13. METHODOLOGY TRAINING / AWARENESS ON DOCUMENTATION OF IK (INSTITUTE LEVEL) TRAINING/ AWARENESS ON IK DOCUMENTATION (PANCHAYATH LEVEL) RAPPORT ESTABLISHMENT WITH LOCAL BODY MEMBERS AND OWNERS OF IK TEAM BUILDING AND VISION DEVELOPMENT ENTRY TO PANCHAYATH INTERVIEW / MEETING WITH INDIVIDUALS/ IK HOLDERS IK DOCUMENTATION DATA POOLING AND ANALYSIS PREPARATION OF DATABASE SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  14. Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA The study area is in the Southern Zone of Kerala, comprising the districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam andPathanamthitta

  15. CONTACT PROGRAMME AT INSTITUTE LEVEL ONE DAY SEMINAR ON IK AWARENESS HELD AT TBGRI ON 8TH DECEMBER 2003 Inaugural address Dr.G.M.Nair Director, TBGRI Presidential Address Shri.Ozhukupara Aziz,Member, Peringammala Gramapanchayath A view of the audience

  16. Theme lecture Dr.S.Rajasekharan, TBGRI Introductory remarks Dr.V.George,TBGRI Mrs.Ammukkutty amma (82), Birth attendant A custodian of IK from Peringammala Gramapanchayath

  17. CONTACT PROGRAMME AT PANCHAYAT LEVEL ONE DAY SEMINAR ON IK AWARENESS

  18. IK DOCUMENTATION

  19. OBSERVATIONS / RESULTS DETAILS OF THE CASE STUDIES RECORDED (DISEASE WISE)

  20. OBSERVATIONS / RESULTS DETAILS OF THE CASE STUDIES RECORDED (DISEASE WISE)

  21. OBSERVATIONS / RESULTS DETAILS OF THE CASE STUDIES RECORDED (DISEASE WISE)

  22.   Example I CASE STUDIES - PERINGAMMALA GRAMAPANCHAYATH We have recorded case studies on the following 37 specific diseases, 33 non-specific diseases and 3 other conditions based on 423 (54 single formulations + 369 combinations) information gathered on 287 medicinal plants.

  23. Example- Disclosed Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute DATA SHEET FOR ETHNO-MEDICO-BOTANICAL SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS General Information : 1 Name of tribal settlement and the adjoining forest area / place surveyed: Kochuvila – Peringammala Gramapanchayath 2. Date of Survey 3. Source: a. Oral b. Documental record c. Historical importance / mode of transmission of Indigenous Knowledge (IK). 4. Botanical details a. Scientific name:

  24. b. Tribal/ local name Oolan thakara c. Sanskrit name d. State of plant e. Habit f. Habitat Open waste land g. Voucher specimen (i) Herbarium specimen (ii) Photograph (Y/N):

  25. h. Distribution 5. Utility based categorization of the plant Others specify…………………………….

  26. Indigenous Knowledge 1. Part used In combination(specify): 10 gm fresh leaves of Cassia occidentalis + 5 gm Allium cepa 2. Collection/ Harvesting

  27. 3. Ingredients

  28. 4. Method of preparation 1. 10 – 15 gm dried/ fresh root of Cassia occidentalis, prepared in the form of paste administered internally along with 30 - 60 ml milk. 2. 10 gm fresh leaves of Cassia occidentalis + 5 gm Allium cepa in the form of pounded mass 5. Administration of Drug. 6. Indications  7. Alternate plants used if the drug plant is not available (substitute)

  29. Consent form

  30. Example- undisclosed Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute DATA SHEET FOR ETHNO-MEDICO-BOTANICAL SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS General Information : 1 Name of tribal settlement and the adjoining forest area / place surveyed: Elanjium Kani tribal settlement – Peringanmala Gramapanchayath 2. Date of Survey 3. Source: a. Oral b. Documental record c. Historical importance / mode of transmission of Indigenous Knowledge (IK). 4. Botanical details a. Scientific name:

  31. 4. Method of preparation 1. Decoction 2. Medicated oil 3. Pounded mass 5. Administration of Drug. 6. Indications  7. Alternate plants used if the drug plant is not available (substitute)

  32. Consent form

  33. Enumeration of Indigenous knowledge Indigenous knowledge related to medicinal plants gathered from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and Pathanamthitta districts are enumerated Panchayat wise. Example-I (single drug) Botanical name: Ocimum sanctum Linn. Family: Lamiaceae Habit: Herb Vernacular name: Krishnatulsi (PML, VTR, KUT, AMB, PDL, SDN, PPL, TLK, TKR, AYK, EPR, EMR, KNI, MPA, TND)* Parts used: Roots Method of preparation: Paste form. Mode of administration: Oral Dosage: 5-10 g, twice daily Vehicle: Cows milk Indication: Spider poison (SDN, TKR) During the survey we have collected 62 informations on Tulsi as a single drug to treat 55 specific and nonspecific diseased conditions from 15 Grama Panchayats. * PML-Peringammala, VTR-Vithura, KUT-Kuttichal, AMB-Amboori, PDL-Peringadavila, SDN- Sooranadu North, PPL-Pooyappalli, TLK-Thevalakkara, TKR-Trikkaruva, AYK-Aryankavu, EPR-Eraviperoor, EMR-Ezhuhattoor, KNI-Konni, MPA-Mailapra, TND-Thannithodu

  34. Example-II combinations Ingredients: Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) – Leaves Kudukkamooli (Aristolochia indica)- Roots Kurumulaku (Piper longum) – Seed Jaggery (Palm) Method of preparation: Decoction Mode of administration: Oral Dosage: 30 ml, thrice daily Vehicle: ---- Indication: Fever (EMR) Example-III combinations Ingredients: Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) – Leaves Kuzhimundan (Orthosiphon glabratus) – Leaves Cheriyaulli (Allium cepa) – Bulb Method of preparation: Decoction Mode of administration: Oral Dosage: 60 ml, thrice daily Vehicle: ---- Indication: Chickenpox (AMB) In combination, we have collected 154 information on Tulasi for treating 62 specific and nonspecific diseased conditions from 15 Grama Panchayats.

  35. CONCLUSIONS / SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS • To conserve / preserve / protect the IK, various awareness programmes have to be designed and implemented among the people. It is urgent, otherwise these knowledge will be wiped out gradually due to the changing lifestyle and social set up of the people. • Since scientific documentation of IK is a continuing programme, a sectoral wise IK documentation wing should be established in the respective R&D organization currently involved in the documentation work. • A Coordinating Centre may be established at TBGRI for coordinating the documentation work and also for providing guidelines for preparing new policies / legislations, programmes etc to protect the IK of Kerala State. • Digitalizing the IK is the need of the hour to save the same from piracy. New policies / programmes may be formulated for the preservation and protection of IK.

  36. CONCLUSIONS / SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS • Develop new programmes / models to integrate IK into the planning process through effective participation of people at grass root level. • Develop new models / legislations for protecting IK under sui-generis system. • Encourage and give priority to conduct scientific research on IK for developing new technologies / new scientifically validated herbal drugs / nutraceuticals / other plant based products like cosmetics, functional food etc. This will help to generate additional income at local / National and even at Global level and further it will improve our health, food and economic security. • For patenting the new products arising of IK based research studies, a fast track policy may be evolved at Govt. level.

  37. CONCLUSIONS / SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 9. Explore the possibilities of identifying suitable funding agencies for the implementation of IK related activities including documentation at state level. 10. During the survey we have come across interesting informations such as preparation of Thulasi pillow, Thevalakkara Puttu (a traditional / ethnic food item), several medicated oil for external application, single / simple herbal formulations etc. As an out come of the survey, can we think of a small scale / large scale production centre for thulasi pillows having some therapeutic effect like relieving stress / tension, ensure good sleep, remove lice etc. as claimed by the people of Peringamala Panchayat. Can we take up a popularization programme for production of traditional food items like ‘Thevalakkara puttu’ for relieving back ache as claimed by the people of Thevalakkara. Can we go for preparing single /simple herbal combinations for effective management of primary health care. 11. Another notable factor recorded was the keen interest shown by the people during the documentation work of the IK. Majority of them believe that IK is very important and it should be conserved / preserved and should be effectively utilized. Therefore a separate budgetary provisions may be provided to the Panchayats to enable them to implement IK related programmes.

  38. CONCLUSIONS / SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 12. The local body members also showed their keen interest and welcomed the integration of IK into the planning process. This is to be encouraged and supported. 13. Documentation of IK should be undertaken at Panchayat level involving students, NGOs, Youth and Nature Clubs. Necessary funds should be made available to them. 14. Whenever IK is utilized for a profitable / money generating venture, the IPR of the original custodians should be respected and there should be a just and equitable sharing of the benefit. 15. IK is chiefly applied for problem solving and as such has sufficient proven technical and scientific content. This should be expanded and developed and applied at a larger scale by creating necessary infrastructure and facilities.

  39. Pittosporum neelgherensis (Analivegom) Snake bite

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