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Early Transatlantic Encounters

Early Transatlantic Encounters. Changes in Europe. Out of the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance Social Hierarchy (Nobles  Peasants) Life centered around nuclear family. Religious Changes. Crusades (1096-1270) Sparked an interest in trade w/Asia Weakened power of nobles

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Early Transatlantic Encounters

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  1. Early Transatlantic Encounters

  2. Changes in Europe • Out of the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance • Social Hierarchy (Nobles  Peasants) • Life centered around nuclear family

  3. Religious Changes • Crusades (1096-1270) • Sparked an interest in trade w/Asia • Weakened power of nobles • Weakened power of the Church • Reformation • New rivalries between Catholics and Protestants develop

  4. Era of Expansion • Crusades sparks interest in global trade • Weakened nobility leads to rise of nations (Portugal, Spain, France, England) • New technology makes longer journeys possible

  5. The 3 G’s • Gold • Explorers sought riches in foreign lands • God • For some, there was a goal of evangelism in the new world • Glory • Explorers knew that fame and honor awaited them if they were successful

  6. Marco Polo • c.1254-1324 • Nationality: Italian • Area of Exploration: Central Asia and China • Influenced later explorers, European cartography, and American swimming

  7. Amerigo Vespucci • C. 1454-1512 • Nationality: Italian • First to prove that the West Indies and Brazil were not the east coast of Asia, but rather a separate land mass

  8. Hernán Cortés • C. 1485-1547 • Nationality: Spanish • Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Aztecs and brought much of modern day Mexico under colonial rule

  9. Christopher Columbus • C. 1451-1506 • Nationality: Italian • Often credited with discovering the Americas (though Leif Erikson did it first in the 1000s), Columbus’ expedition did lead to the first lasting contact between the “New World” and Europe

  10. Disease • Measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, typhus all devastated the native population • Hispaniola • 1/3 of population dead during Columbus’ time • Only 100,000 remaining by 1508 • By 1568 only 2 villages remained • Disease soon spread to the rest of the Americas, proving more effective than any conquering army

  11. Slavery • Initially, Europeans attempt enslaving natives • When this failed, they turned to African slaves • Europeans learn the economic advantages of the plantation system/forced labor

  12. National Rivalries • Increased competition over land, resources lead to conflict in Europe and America • Treaty of Tordesillas: 1494 – Spain and Portugal agree to divide Western Hemisphere amongst themselves

  13. Columbian Exchange • When first contact was made between the Americas and Europe, large numbers of new foods, plants, animals, disease, and ideas were introduced to each region • See chart on page 29 in your text

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