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Transatlantic Encounters. United States History: Mr. Vanderporten. Christopher Columbus . Columbus was an Italian sailor (born in Genoa) Determined to find a quicker route to Asia Why Asia? Land of silk, spices, gold etc. Columbus also wants to spread Christianity
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Transatlantic Encounters United States History: Mr. Vanderporten
Christopher Columbus • Columbus was an Italian sailor (born in Genoa) • Determined to find a quicker route to Asia • Why Asia? Land of silk, spices, gold etc. • Columbus also wants to spread Christianity • Financially supported by Spain’s monarchs • First voyage left Spain in August 1492
Columbus’s First Voyage • Famous three ships: the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria • Lookout on the Pinta sees land in October 1492 • Meets with the natives, Tainos (“noble ones”) • Names the island, San Salvador (“Holy Savior”) • He is currently in the Bahamas, not Asia • Tainos are very friendly but Columbus wants GOLD!!!!!
Columbus’s First Voyage • Does not find gold on San Salvador • Moves on to explore other islands in the Caribbean, (Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola) • All this new land is claimed for Spain, thinks he has landed in islands off of Asia (Indies) • Calls the natives of the islands, los indios, “Indian” • Returns to Spain, second voyage leaves in September 1493 • 17 ships, armed soldiers, priests, colonists, hidalgos
Columbus and Colonization • Beginning of centuries long interaction between Native Americans and Europeans • Biggest problem for the Taino? European diseases • Europeans use the plantation system to subjugate the indigenous populations of the Caribbean • Use forced labor (SLAVERY) • Have superior weaponry to maintain control
Resistance and Disease • Native Americans fight back, numerous revolts take place • European diseases= measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, and typhus • Indians have no natural immunity • 1/3 of Hispaniola’s population dies because of of disease
The Slave Trade Begins • European settlers look to Africa for slaves • Demand for African slaves increases as more and more natives die because of European diseases • Europeans see they can make lots of money trading slaves • The slave trade would last for the next three centuries • Many Europeans now are voluntarily migrating to the Americas to escape social and economic constraints
The Columbian Exchange • Many new plants/animals are moving from continent to continent • Columbian Exchange- the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere • Expansion also increases rivalries in Europe, Spain vs. Portugal • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)- the Pope prevents war, agree to divide the Western Hemisphere, ignored by other European countries
A New Society is Born • Columbus lived on Hispaniola until 1500, he died in 1506 disappointed that he never reached China • Started chain reaction of people moving from Europe to the Americas (England to North America) • U.S. History begins with this interaction (NA, African, and European) • Native Americans and Africans resist giving up their cultural identities • Multiculturalism? Challenge and Asset
Exit Slip • Take a few minutes to analyze the following poster. • Take notes about what you see.
Exit Slip • 1. What is the message of the poster? • 2. Do you agree with the artist’s opinion of Columbus? • 3. Can you think of any other historical figures that could have a “Wanted” poster?