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Explore the shared characteristics of all plants and delve into their evolution from green algae over 430 million years ago. Discover the key differences between plants and algae, vascular vs. nonvascular plants, and the fascinating world of seed plants.
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Plants do all share some Characteristics: A. All plants are Photosynthetic. B. All Plants are Multicellular. C. All Plants are Eukaryotic Organisms. D. All Plants can reproduce Sexually (By forming gametes).
Why Green • Members of the plant kingdom are green (they all contain chlorophyll).
Why Green • Members of the plant kingdom are green (they all contain chlorophyll). • Chlorophyll is a pigment • Pigments attract light • Plants need light to form food
If a part of a plant is not green then, It lacks an abundance of chlorophyll An is not photosynthetic Example: Like and onion root There is no light under ground, no light no chlorophyll. This is a plant adaptation!
THE FOSSIL RECORD OF PLANTS 1. In their Characteristics, Plants are Most Similar to the Algae. (Green Algae) 2. All Plants share a common Ancestor, Scientists have concluded that Plants evolved from a Multicellular Terrestrial Green Algae that lived more than 430 million yeas ago. No organism lived on land until about 430 million years ago when a layer of Ozone formed. (Figure 30-2) 3. The ozone protected organisms from the sun's Ultraviolet Radiation. 4. The conclusion that Plants evolved from Green Algae is supported by many Structural and Biochemical similarities between Plants and Green Algae.
PLANTS AND GREEN ALGAE HAVE THESE CHARACTERISTICS IN COMMON: A. Both have the same photosynthetic pigments, Chlorophyll a and b, in similar Chloroplasts. B. Both have Cell Walls that contain Cellulose. C. Both development of a Cell Plate during Cell Division. D. Both Store Energy as Starch.
There are also some important DIFFERENCES between Plants and Green Algae: A. Plants consist of Specialized Cells, While Algae usually have few specialized cells. B. Plants have special structures, such as LEAVES, STEMS AND ROOTS, which Algae lack. C. Most plants do not require Water for Fertilization. D. A major difference is that Plants are adapted to life on land, while algae are adapted to life in water.
vascular and nonvascular • Land plants are divided into two groups (vascular and nonvascular) based on whether they have vascular tissues or not. • Vascular tissues are specialized for conducting food and water within the plant.
Vascular plants • Big Head Todd and the Monsters • Cold Blooded
Nonvascular Plants: Liverworts Fossombronia alaskana
Ferns • Ferns are vascular plants forming true roots, stems, and leaves. • They reproduce sexually by forming spores, not seeds. There was a time when ferns were the dominant form of plant life on Earth.
Ferns • The Tightly coiled new Leaves of Ferns are called FIDDLEHEADS, the Fiddleheads uncoil and develop into mature Leaves called FRONDS.
Mosses: Nonvascular • There are more than 10,000 species of moss plants. • They have no vascular tissue or wood, nor do they have large leaves or showy cones or flowers. (Nonvascular) • Mosses play important roles in reducing erosion along streams, water and nutrient cycling in tropical forests, and insulating the arctic permafrost. • Mosses have structures that anchor them and absorb water as well as structures that catch sunlight for photosynthesis, but they have no true roots or leaves.
The seed-forming plants: Vascular Plants • A seed is a fertilized ovule (part of the plant ovary). Egg or sex cell • It is a multicellular structure containing an embryo plant and its food. • Seeds can survive long periods of inactivity between their formation and activation. (What activates a seed)
Seed plants are broken into two groups based on how their seeds are formed: • Gymnosperms: plants that produce "naked" seeds. • Angiosperms: plants that produce seeds enclosed in a fruit.
Gymnosperms: plants that produce "naked" seeds. • Gymnosperm seeds are protected by a "cone". • Pollen cones (male) produce pollen. • Seed cones (female) produce the seed. • There are about 700 species of gymnosperms.
Angiosperms: plants that produce seeds enclosed in a fruit. • Class Monocotyledoneae: • Monocots have one cotyledon, or "seed leaf". • About 90,000 species are known. • Class Dicotyledoneae: • The embryo plant of a dicot has two seed leaves. • About 185,000 species are known.
Monocot or Monocotyledons • Monocotyledons make a seed with a seed coat. • Inside the seed there is plant embryo with a primitive root and a supply of food for the new plant. • The food supply is called the endosperm, and it is all in one piece. • When the little plant comes out, the root goes down and a single spire goes up. • The young plant uses the food resources of the endosperm to provide energy for growth.
Dicotyledons or Dicots • Dicotyledon seeds also contain an embryonic plant. • The seed is protected by a seed coat. • There are two seed leaves inside the diocotyledon seed.
TWO Types of Specialized Tissue make up Vascular Tissue: • A. XYLEM - Carries WATER and Inorganic Nutrients in ONE Direction, from the ROOTS to the STEMS and LEAVES. • B. PHLOEM - Carries ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (Carbohydrates), in ANY DIRECTION, depending on the Plant's Needs.
Do moss plants grow in water? • Moss is a land plant and does not grow in water
