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Sunflower and Oilseed Storage

Sunflower and Oilseed Storage. Stored Products Research and Education Center Oklahoma State University Carol Jones Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. Storage Concerns. Sunflower Canola Soybean Sesame Safflower. Storage Concerns. Moisture Content Sunflower: 8 – 10% mc

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Sunflower and Oilseed Storage

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  1. Sunflower and Oilseed Storage Stored Products Research and Education Center Oklahoma State University Carol Jones Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

  2. Storage Concerns • Sunflower • Canola • Soybean • Sesame • Safflower

  3. Storage Concerns • Moisture Content • Sunflower: 8 – 10% mc • Hulls dry faster than kernels • Overnight in a sealed jar • Canola: 10 – 12% mc • Soybeans: 12%...seed at 10% • Sesame: less than 6% • Safflower: 5 – 8%

  4. Storage Concerns Why so dry???????? Rancidity in Oklahoma heat Oil content = microbial activity Oil content = heat Sweat period

  5. Storage Concerns Sunflower: hulls have hair-like fibers fibers can cause increase fire danger test weight 28 – 32 lb/bu...cover when hauling low speed augers to prevent damage

  6. Storage Concerns Canola: • seed is VERY small, hard to handle • sweat period is about 6 weeks • test weight 52 lbs/bu • oil content 40 – 50% • begin aeration immediately

  7. Storage Concerns Soybeans: • using a dryer? Keep air above 40% rh and around 85 degrees F.... • maybe ambient will work • run augers as full and slow as possible • test weight 60 lbs/bu • aerate once a month after initial cooling

  8. Storage Concerns Sesame: • Much like handling canola except... • Planted in spring, harvested in fall • Takes longer to dry in windrow than canola • Fewer inputs than canola • High fat (50% oil), 25% protein, 43 – 47 lb/bu • Small flat seed • Goes rancid quickly in heat at MC > 6%

  9. Storage Concerns Safflower: • 38 lb/bu test weight • 34 – 36% oil content • Seeds are white • Harvested and handled much like canola • Dries very quickly in windrows

  10. Special Characteristics • Bins with perforated floors work best • Ambient air/fan sufficient for drying/cooling • No aeration??? Move between bins

  11. Prepare Bins for Storage • Floor perforations must be protected • Line bottom of bins • two layers of aluminum window screen • trampoline tarpaulin • Leave opening for grain unloading

  12. Store Clean Canola • Debris can add moisture and attract insects • Clean using • scalper aspiration • indent cylinder cleaning • sieve screening • Clean to less than 2.3% foreign material

  13. No spoilage for at least 5 months Spoilage after 5 months Optimum storage Temperature and Moisture • Optimum temperature is 55°F • Double storage time for every 10° below 77° and 1% reduction in moisture below 9%

  14. Temperature • Above 77°F • Free fatty acids may form when stored longer than a year (1-1.5% limit) and causes rancidity • peroxide levels increase • oil darkens • Insect activity increases

  15. Molds • Mold forms above 60% equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) ERH and temperature influence on seed moisture content (NDSU 2005) Shaded area shows moisture content for optimum conditions

  16. Aeration • Bin must have aeration system • Full floor perforation is best • Positive pressure is preferred • Grain surface should be leveled • Airflow rates for temperature management • 0.08 – 0.15 cfm/bu • At 0.08 cfm, up to 150-200 hours for a 20° drop • Airflow rates for natural air drying • 0.4 – 2.0 cfm/bu – increase static air pressure • run fans continuously until desired moisture

  17. Aeration • Static pressure • Sunflower • 30 Ft. deep at 1.0 cfm/bu...15.1 inches • for canola is 2-3 times that of wheat • 30 ft. deep at 1.0 cfm/bu...75 inches!!!! • 10 ft. deep at 1.0 cfm/bu...7 inches • Soybeans • 30 ft. deep at 1.0 cfm/bu...7.7 inches • Sesame • Similar to canola • Safflower • “Less than most other grains”

  18. KEY THOUGHTS... • Monitor bins closely...weekly • Temp control + MC control + insect control = SUCCESSFUL OILSEED STORAGE

  19. Insect Pests Found in Bins • Very few insects were found • Those found included: • Rusty grain beetle • Red flour beetle • Lesser grain borer • Indianmeal moth • Booklice • Predatory mites were also found

  20. Oilseeds..the market • Another option • Rotation • Biodiesel • Crusher in OKC

  21. Questions? BIOSYSTEMS.OKSTATE.EDU/HOME/JCAROL

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