Lower and Upper Canada Rebellions of 1837-38

1. Lower and Upper Canada Rebellions of 1837-38

2. Lower Canada Rebellions of 1837-38 Why they occurred……… 1. Wanted Responsible Government 2. Britain didn’t listen 3. French Canadiens were unhappy with: - agricultural conditions - land system

3. Lower Canada Rebellions of 1837-38 “L’Assemblee des sixcomtes, in 1837”

5. BATTLES OF LOWER CANADA

6. Battle of Saint-Denis Was a Patriote Win

7. Battle of Saint-Charles The Patriotes Lost

8. Battle of Saint-Eustache The Patriotes Lost

9. BATTLES OF LOWER CANADA

10. Upper Canada Rebellions of 1837-38 Why they occurred……… 1. Wanted responsible government 2. Britain didn’t listen 3. Economic recession (hardship) & crop failures 4. Rebellions in Lower Canada provided an opportunity to rebel in UC

11. Upper Canada Rebellions of 1837-38 • Much smaller than Lower Canada’s rebellion • Wanted a government like the US • Led by William Lyon Mackenzie

12. Upper Canada Rebellions of 1837-38 • Started in Montgomery’s Tavern • 500 poorly armed rebels marched down Yonge Street • Loyalist force burned down Montgomery’s Tavern and won • Mackenzie’s rebels were very poorly organized

13. Lower and Upper Canada Rebellions of 1837-38

14. After the LC & UC Rebellions • Britain sent out Lord Durham (Radical Jack) to investigate the rebellions • He expelled some rebels and investigated UC’s and LC’sdiscontent • Wrote “Durham’s Report” which became an important document in Quebec’s and Canada’s history

15. Durham’s Report “I expected to find a contest between a government and a people. Instead, I found two nations warring within the bosom of a single state” – Lord Durham • He saw the French Canadiens as backwards as they tried to preserve their old way of life • He didn’t want to give the French Canadiens power

16. Split Page Note Taking (Pg163) The Rebellions: Lord Durham and The Durham Report

17. The Rebellions: Lord Durham and The Durham Report

18. Union Act 1841 AIM: -To unite the two colonies into a single unit, and to give the English-speaking people control of the newly named colony’s -Made theUnited Province of Canada with two parts: Canada East and Canada West Government -Canada East and Canada West received the same amount of representatives in the Legislative Assembly even though Canada East (Lower Canada) had a much bigger population Executive Councils appointed by the Governor General from the elected Legislative Assembly

19. The Act of Union (1841) Lower Canada had a bigger population

20. Please Compare and Contrast the Government Structures of the Constitutional Act of 1791(pg120) and The Act of Union 1841 (pg164)

21. 1846 Britain Changes its Trading Policy • Britain adopts Free Trade Before1846: Gave special trading conditions to the colonies After 1846: Gave no special trading conditions to anyone -The colonies weren’t as important to Britain-So they allowed the BNA colonies to have responsible government

23. Rebellion Losses Bill -Compensate lower Canadians for rebellion loses (property damaged or destroyed) -Heal the relationship between French and English speaking Canadians -Governor General Lord Elgin didn’t like the Bill, but he had to sign it -What do you think loyalist English speaking Canadians thought of the bill?

24. -Some wanted for the colony to join the United States (Annexation) -English-speaking Tories burned down the ParliamentBuildings in Montreal