HERBS OF UNITED KINGDOM

1. HERBS OF UNITED KINGDOM COMPILED BY ANUSHKA ROY BARDHAN AND ARYA TEWARY INFORMATION GIVEN BY: ARYA TEWARY,SAIMA ZAFAR,ANANYA SMRITI DEBOBARNI DAS,FARNAZ KAZI AND NISTHA GADHWALA.

2. ECHINACEA Echinacea/ˌɛkɨˈneɪʃ(i)ə/[1] is a genus, or group of herbaceousflowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. The nine species it contains are commonly called coneflowers. They are endemic to eastern and central North America, where they are found growing in moist to dry prairies and open wooded areas. They have large, showy heads of composite flowers, blooming from early to late summer. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἐχῖνος (echino), meaning "sea urchin," due to the spiny central disk. Some species are used in herbal medicines and some are cultivated in gardens for their showy flowers. A few species are of conservation concern.[citation needed] Evidence does not support echinacea being useful for either the common cold, or cancer. .

3. SOIL TYPE OF ECHINACEA MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS: Echinacea is known to be exceptionally drought tolerant. In many production areas, ambient rainfall may be sufficient after the establishment year.Echinacea thrives where annual precipitation is from 12 inches to 32 inches per year.E. purpure thrives in the higher precipitation zones and responds well to added irrigation (it has not yet been determined whether increases in above and below ground biomass due to added water results in diminished medicinal constituents).Echinacea angustifolia usually responds negatively to excess irrigation. The soil surface around plants should be dry before water is added. Irrigation depends upon local conditions. For optimum growth, E. angustifolia may require added irrigation during the growing season in areas with less than 20 inches annual precipitation -especially during extended hot, dry spells. Echinacea purpurea requires regular irrigation for best production. Drip irrigation systems are best, especially for E. angustifolia , but overhead sprinkler irrigation can also be used as long as over watering is avoided. SOIL PREFERENCE: E. angustifolia and E. pallida do best with good drainage in light -textured or gravelly, clay-type soil. E. angustifolia will not tolerate wet feet, and does best at an alkaline pH (will tolerate highly-alkaline soil). E. Pallid and E. purpurea tolerate somewhat acid soil (down to 5.5 pH), but prefer a higher pH (up to 7.5). E. Purpurea is adaptable to most soil types but prefers a sandy loam and a pH near 7.0. All species do well in raised beds due to enhanced drainage and aeration.

4. Climateof Echinacea,uk Harvest: Roots are pulled in Autumn and Winter and are dried for storage. Above ground parts can be harvested at any time. This herbaceousperennial is 120 cm (47 in) tall by 25 cm (10 in) wide at maturity. Depending on the climate, it blooms throughout spring to late summer. Its individual flowers (florets) within the flower head are hermaphroditic, having both male and female organs on each flower. It is pollinated by butterflies and bees. Its habitats include dry open woods, prairies and barrens, as well as cultivated beds. Although the plant prefers loamy or sandy, well-drained soils, it is little affected by the soil's pH.

5. BIOLOGICAL NAME OF NEETEL PLANT IN UK Bull Nettle – Solanum carolinense Carolina Horse Nettle – Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle – Solanum carolinense

6. MEDICINAL USE OF NEETEL PLANT OF UK Cannabis has been used to reduce nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy and people with AIDS, and to treat pain and muscle spasticity;[5] its use for other medical applications has been studied, but there is insufficient data for conclusions about safety and efficacy. Short-term use increases minor adverse effects, but does not appear to increase major adverse effects.[6]Long-term effects of cannabis are not clear,[6] and there are safety concerns including memory and cognition problems, risk for dependence and the risk of children taking it by accident.[5]

7. DANDELION Dandelion is an herb. People use the above ground parts and root to make medicine.Dandelion is used for many conditions, but so far, there isn’t enough scientific evidence to determine whether or not it is effective for any of them. Dandelion is most often thought of as a pesky weed that takes over in lawns, gardens, meadows, and even pops up in cracked sidewalks and pavement. It is invasive and pervasive. Lucky for us, it is also an excellent food and herbal medicine that anyone can find, grow, and put to use.  Dandelion is a very rich source of beta-carotene which we convert into vitamin A. This flowering plant is also rich in vitamin C, fiber, potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus. It is a good place to get B complex vitamins, trace minerals, organic sodium, and even vitamin D.

8. Dandelion contains protein too, more than spinach. It has been eaten for thousands of years and used to treat anemia, scurvy, skin problems, blood disorders, and depression. Seeds grow readily in your garden, planter boxes, or pots. If you collect them wild, try to choose ones you know have not been subjected to pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals. The ones in your lawn are not the best. Pick them instead from a mountain meadow or abandoned lot. Seeds can be bought or you can gather them from the familiar puff balls you see each summer. Dandelion leaves can also be found fresh in some health food markets or as a freeze-dried herb. Dandelion tea, capsules, and tinctures are also available. Digestive Aid – Dandelion acts as a mild laxative that promotes digestion, stimulates appetite, and balances the natural and beneficial bacteria in the intestines. Kidney – This weed-like superfood is a diuretic that helps the kidneys clear out waste, salt, and excess water.

9. Dandelion contains essential fatty acids and phytonutrients that reduce inflammation throughout the body. This can relieve pain and swelling. Immune System – Animal studies also show that dandelion boosts immune function and fights off microbes and fungi. Dandelion leaves, flowers, and roots are all edible. They have a slightly bitter flavor that can be minimized by harvesting them in the fall or spring. Cooking cuts the bitter flavor as well though the leaves make a great addition to raw salads. Dandelion is generally considered safe in food and medicinal levels. Some people may have allergic reactions to dandelion. Anyone with an allergy to ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, chamomile, yarrow, or daisy should avoid dandelion and anyone pregnant, nursing, or taking prescription drugs should talk to a health care professional before adding something new to their THANK YOU

10. CHICKWEED The biological name of chickweed is Stellariamedia . Stellaria media, chickweed, is a cool-season annual plant native to Europe, which is often eaten by chickens. It is sometimes called common chickweed to distinguish it from other plants called chickweed. Other common names include chickenwort, craches, maruns, winterweed. The plant germinates in fall or late winter, then forms large mats of foliage. Flowers are small and white, followed quickly by the seed pods. This plant flowers and sets seed at the same time.

11. SOIL AND CLMATIC CONDITION REQUIRED FOR THE PROPER GROWTH OF CHICKWEED Although chickweed is not overly picky about its soil, it does best in soil containing organic material. Chickweed tends to grow in cultivated improved and more fertile soil.  It is mainly grown in the spring season. The plant grows well in slightly moist soil and light shade, such as under bushes, trees or other tall plants.

12. MEDICINAL USE OF CHICKWEED The plant has medicinal purposes and is used in folk medicine. It has been used as a remedy to treat itchy skin conditions and pulmonary diseases. 17th century herbalist John Gerard  recommended it as a remedy for mange. Modern herbalists mainly prescribe it for skin diseases, and also for bronchitis, rheumatic pains, arthritis and period pain. A poultice of chickweed can be applied to cuts, burns and bruises. Not all of these uses are supported by scientific evidence. ppt made by:-ShivangiPrasad,Shubhanwita Ray, MoutuliNeogi

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