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Foreign Debt Growth Outlook. December 2010 Anton Stroutchenevski, Senior Economist. Russia faces mostly institutional constraints to borrow externally. Russia is still among the countries with quite low foreign debt/GDP.
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Foreign Debt Growth Outlook December 2010 Anton Stroutchenevski, Senior Economist
Russia faces mostly institutional constraints to borrow externally • Russia is still among the countries with quite low foreign debt/GDP. • However, capital flows are very volatile: in 1H08, Russia enjoyed a net capital inflow that rapidly turned into a net capital outflow in 2H08. • The potential for export growth acceleration is limited. Thus, there is a threat that the trade balance will start shrinking if oil prices stabilize. • Without institutional changes, the country will not be able to borrow externally.
GDP per capita in the former Soviet republicsin 1991 and 2009, $ Source: IMF
GDP per capita in the former Soviet republicsin 2009 and external borrowing Source: IMF, CIA, national banks
Foreign debt accumulation slowed after the crisis Source: Central Bank, State Statistics Service, Troika estimates
The Central Bank expects capital inflow to finance negative current account in long run, $ bln Source: Central Bank Source: Central Bank Source: Central Bank
Russia was attractive for investors only when macroeconomic risks were low and oil prices were growing Source: Central Bank
After the crisis, economic growth decelerated… Source: State Statistics Service
… external and internal balances deteriorated… Current account and budget balance, % of GDP Breakeven oil price for federal budget Source: Finance Ministry, Troika estimates Source: Finance Ministry, Troika estimates
… inflation accelerated… CPI, y-o-y CPI, YTD Source: State Statistics Service Source: State Statistics Service
… and the ruble depreciated, despite high oil prices Source: Central Bank Source: Central Bank
Who will Russia compete with on capital markets? Current account deficits, 2009, $ bln Source: IMF
The quality of Russia’s institutions is too low to compete for sufficient inflow Source: IMF, World Economic Forum
Due to poor quality of domestic institutions, capital outflow remains sustainable Changes in foreign assets of domestic economy Source: Central Bank
Conclusions • Without improvement in macroeconomic policy and the quality of its institutions, Russia will be hardly able to compete successfully on the capital markets and guarantee sustainable capital inflow. • Domestic capital outflow trends will remain an important measure of the country’s appeal to investors.
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