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ODONATA Dragonflies and Damselflies

ODONATA Dragonflies and Damselflies. Forerunners of the Odonata. Protodonata. Paleodictyoptera. Forerunners of the Odonata. Protodonata. Simplified Evolutionary History of the Odonata. 300 200 100. Carboniferous.

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ODONATA Dragonflies and Damselflies

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  1. ODONATA Dragonflies and Damselflies

  2. Forerunners of the Odonata Protodonata Paleodictyoptera

  3. Forerunners of the Odonata Protodonata

  4. Simplified Evolutionary History of the Odonata 300 200 100 Carboniferous Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Paleodictyoptera Protodonata Epiophlebioptera “Anisozygoptera” Anisoptera Zygoptera

  5. Hexapod Orders Odonata Odon - tooth Number of Species >5000 Common names damselflies, dragonflies, skippers , darners Typical habitats Aquatic nymph, aerial adult Distinguishing characteristics • direct flight muscles • -wings can’t be folded Other features • nymphs with labial mask for prey capture • primitive wing venation - archedictyon

  6. Odonata Direct flight muscles • •

  7. Odonata -Evolutionary History Meganeuropsis - Permian

  8. Odonata - Adult modifications Modifications for a predatory life Well-developed mandibles Large eyes

  9. Odonata - Adult modifications Modifications for a predatory life -orientation of thoracic segments -changed orientation of legs -spines on legs

  10. Odonata - larval modifications Modifications for an aquatic predatory life Mouthparts palp submentum mentum prementum Larvae Hunting

  11. Odonata - Classification - OLD -larvae with caudal lamellae -wings held vertically at rest -wings same size Zygoptera (damselflies) Odonata Anisozygoptera -larvae with no caudal lamellae -wings held horizontally at rest -wings different size Anisoptera (dragonflies)

  12. Simplified Evolutionary History of the Odonata 300 200 100 Carboniferous Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Paleodictyoptera Protodonata Epiophlebioptera “Anisozygoptera” Anisoptera Zygoptera

  13. Odonata - Relationships Zygoptera Odonata Anisozygoptera Anisoptera Zygoptera Odonata Epiophlebioptera Epiprocta Anisoptera

  14. -larvae with caudal lamellae -wings held vertically at rest -wings same size -wings petiolate Zygoptera Odonata Epiophlebioptera Epiprocta -larvae with no caudal lamellae -wings held horizontally at rest -wings different size Anisoptera

  15. Odonata - Suborders Zygoptera Zygo - equal, ptera- wing Anisoptera Aniso - unequal, ptera- wing Number of Species ≈ 2000 ≈ 4000 Common names damselflies dragonflies Typical habitats Aquatic nymph, aerial adult • direct flight muscles • -wings can’t be folded • wings are same size • wings held vertically • -slender • -nymph - 3 caudal gills • direct flight muscles • -wings can’t be folded • - hind wing larger • - wings held horizontally • -robust • -nymph - no caudal gills Distinguishing characteristics • nymphs with labial mask for prey capture • Primitive wing venation Other features

  16. Odonata - Suborders - Zygoptera Damselflies - distinguishing features 1. Larvae with Caudal Lamellae

  17. Odonata - Suborders - Zygoptera Damselflies - distinguishing features 1. Larvae with caudal lamellae 2. Wings held vertically at rest

  18. Odonata - Suborders - Zygoptera Damselflies - distinguishing features 1. Larvae with caudal lamellae 2. Wings held vertically at rest 3. Wings are same size and shape

  19. Odonata - Suborders - Zygoptera Damselflies - distinguishing features 1. Larvae with caudal lamellae 2. Wings held vertically at rest 3. Wings are same size and shape 3. Wings are petiolate

  20. Zygoptera – other features

  21. Odonata - Suborders - Anisoptera Dragonflies - distinguishing features 1. Larvae with no caudal lamellae

  22. Odonata - Suborders - Anisoptera Dragonflies - distinguishing features 1. Larvae with no caudal lamellae 2. Wings held horizontally at rest

  23. Odonata - Suborders - Anisoptera Dragonflies - distinguishing features 1. Larvae with no caudal lamellae 2. Wings held horizontally at rest 3. Wings are a different size and shape Anal lobe

  24. Odonata - Suborders - Epiophlebioptera Living fossils - share features of Zygoptera and Anisoptera Zygoptera Anisoptera -nymphs - no caudal lamellae -wings are petiolate (-but no jet propulsion) -wings are ≈

  25. Odonata - Suborders - Epiophlebioptera

  26. Odonata - Suborders - Epiophlebioptera

  27. Odonata - General Features Mating

  28. Hagenius brevistylus

  29. Odonata - General Features Mating Penes of male Argia (Odonata)

  30. Odonata - General Features Mating Courtship Oviposition Copulation

  31. Odonata - General Features Territory

  32. Odonata - General Features Territory Switzer 2002

  33. Odonata - General Features Life Cycle Flies inland to feed and mature Returns to water to set up territory and mate Nymph leaves water and molts Aquatic nymph

  34. Odonata - oviposition Exophytic Endophytic

  35. So far in classfication Ephemeroptera Paleoptera Zygoptera Odonata Epiophlebioptera Anisoptera NEOPTERA

  36. Video on Dragonflies (Ignore the largely stupid, overly dramatic commentary) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ezq_JWd1Sd8

  37. Plecoptera Zoraptera Embiodea Dermaptera Grylloblattodea Mantophasmatodea Polyneoptera Phasmida Orthoptera Mantodea Isoptera Blattaria Psocoptera Neoptera Phthiraptera Paraneoptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Rhaphidioptera Neuropterida Megaloptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera ? Panorpida Strepsiptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera

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