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PROTISTS

PROTISTS. Most are unicellular . Some form colonies (multicellular). Characteristics. Cells are eukaryotic Draw the following diagram. Reproduce “mainly” by binary fission. Like moist surroundings. The protist kingdom is very diverse and consists of 3 main groups:

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PROTISTS

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  1. PROTISTS

  2. Most are unicellular Some form colonies (multicellular) Characteristics

  3. Cells are eukaryotic • Draw the following diagram

  4. Reproduce “mainly” by binary fission

  5. Like moist surroundings

  6. The protist kingdom is very diverse and consists of 3 main groups: • Plant-like protists • Animal-like protists • Fungi-like protists

  7. Plant – Like Protists • Contain chlorophyll • Can photosynthesize • Take in CO2and give off O2 • Are also able to engulf solid food

  8. Plant-Like Protists • Example: Euglena • Has eye spot • used to locate nutrients • Has flagellum

  9. Plant-Like Protists • Example: Algae • Red, green and brown algae • Contain chlorophyll • Red and brown algae are called seaweed • Supplies 80% of the world’s oxygen

  10. Algae Reproduction • Can reproduce 3 different ways • Fragmentation – asexual, the organism simply breaks apart • Binary Fission – asexual • Conjugation – sexual • There are many variations in reproduction, depending upon the organism itself

  11. Algae: How do we use it? • Fertilizer • In gels • Cosmetics • Ice cream • Paint

  12. Animal-Like Protists • a.k.a. Protozoans • Unicellular • Heterotrophs (rely on other organisms for food) • Must move to obtain food • Engulfs food or absorbs directly through their cell membranes • Reproduce by binary fission

  13. Protozoans are classified according to their type of locomotion • Ciliophora – use cilia (tiny hairs) • Sarcodina – use pseudopods • Mastigophora – use flagella • Sporozoa – parasitic, depend on host fluids for movement

  14. Ciliophora • a.k.a. Ciliates • Live in both fresh and salt water • Example: Paramecium Food enters the mouth pore and exits from the anal pore

  15. Sarcodina • Example: Amoeba • Moves by extending and retracting its pseudopods • Cytoplasm has 2 layers: ectoplasm and endoplasm • The fluid movement of endoplasm causes the amoeba to constantly change shape

  16. Sarcodina • Feeds by phagocytosis • Pseudopods flow around the food • Engulfs • Food gets enclosed in food vacuole • Water comes in by phagocytosis or by diffusion through the membrane

  17. Mastigophora • Ex: Chilomonas • Flagella is made of protein microtubules • One of the chief sources of food for the amoeba

  18. Sporozoa • Example: Plasmodium vivax • Malaria parasite • Transferred by mosquitoes and humans • Can be treated with drugs • Multiply asexually in animals by forming spores and can develop into other sporozoa without fertilization

  19. Example: Giardia lamblia a.k.a Beaver fever Causes stomach upset and diarrhea Flagellated sporozoa

  20. Fungi-Like Protists • Slime moulds • Prefer cool, shady, moist environments • Become amoeba-like or grow flagella OR can produce spores • Start as unicellular, but eventually combine with others and become multicellular • Useful as decomposers

  21. Protists are VERY important • Protists provide marine animals with food and supply the oceans and land with oxygen • Phytoplankton (autotrophic-do photosynthesis) are at the bottom of the marine food chain • Zooplankton (hetertrophic- don’t do photosynthesis) eat phytoplankton. • Both are food to filter-feeding whales

  22. Some protists Trichomonas hominis live in humans’ intestines, feeds on undigested materials, harmless • Other protists live in termites’ digestive tract and digest the wood they eat. They couldn’t do this without them!

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