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Representation of Statistics

Representation of Statistics. Skills Acquired. Know what is statistics. Know the uses and users of statistic List the methods used to gather data. List the methods used to represent data. Understand the difference between primary and secondary data.

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Representation of Statistics

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  1. Representation of Statistics

  2. Skills Acquired • Know what is statistics. • Know the uses and users of statistic • List the methods used to gather data. • List the methods used to represent data. • Understand the difference between primary and secondary data. • Construct pictograms, tables, bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts.

  3. What is statistics? • Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, presentation and analysis of data.

  4. BENEFITS OF Organizing data • Organizing data simply means putting data together. This makes the data: • Easy to understand, interpret and use • Pleasant in appearance • Informative • E.g. Grouping your classmates according to the color Houses they belong to.

  5. Collection of data • Data/ information can be collected about many things and in many ways. Some ways include: • Surveys • Questionnaires • Observation • E.g. Asking your classmates what colourHouse they belong to.

  6. PRIMARY vsSECONDARY DATA • Primary data collection is the process of collecting all the data on your own. For example you can conduct a survey identifying the type of lunch students purchase from the school’s canteen. • Secondary data collection is the process of using data that was collected by another person/agency. For example getting data collected by the Statistical Department about the characteristics of Barbados’s population.

  7. Uses of statistical data • Data collected can be used in many ways: • To project population change over a time period. • To better provide social services in a country (education, housing, health care etc). • To allow for better projecting of government spending.

  8. Professions which rely on statistics There are many occupations which require a background knowledge of statistics. Some are: • Finance • Environmental health sciences • Education • Actuarial Science • Government services • Marketing • All jobs requiring research

  9. The BARBADOS STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT • The Barbados Statistical Service has the responsibility to collect, compile, analyze, abstract and publish reliable and timely information relating to the social, economic and general activities or conditions of the human population of Barbados. • Other private agencies and companies also collect statistical data for their own uses.

  10. Subjects which require statistical analysis Many subjects studied in schools require a knowledge of statistics. Some of these are: • Mathematics • Geography • Social Studies • Principles of Business • Economics • Accounts How many of these do you study?

  11. Presentation of data • Data may be neatly organized and presented using many methods. Some include: • Tables • Pictographs • Bar graphs (vertical & horizontal) • Line graphs • Pie charts (Divided Circle) • Chloropleth Maps • Dot Maps

  12. Examples of data that can be analyzed • Rainfall • Temperature • Population • Production (agriculture, manufacturing)

  13. Tables • Tables are the easiest way to represent data. It makes the data easy to read and very tidy. • All tables MUST have a title, which tells the reader what the data in the table represents or shows (See demo video on the website) • All columns MUST also have titles to tell the reader what the contents of the column are.

  14. table showing the number of students in each House/set

  15. Pictographs • In a pictogram, picture symbols are used to represent a certain amount of items, e.g cars, people or any other statistical data. • Pictograms ALWAYS have a key to tell you how much or how many units each picture used represents.

  16. Favourite colour of students Fig. 1. A Pictograph Showing Favourite Colours of Students in the Class

  17. Quick Activity #1 • A count of the number of trees on a school compound was conducted by the Agricultural Science class. The following data was collected. 5 Tamarind trees 12 Casuarina trees 15 Palm trees 3 Golden apple trees 9 Cherry tree 1 Mahogany tree • Put this data into a table • Draw a pictogram to represent the data Let = 2 trees

  18. Bar Graphs • A bar graph is made up of bars which can either be vertical or horizontal. Each bar is proportional to the amount of data it represents. • The graph must have a title and labels on both X & Y axis. • Follow the example below. • NB. The bars in the bar graph DO NOT touch.

  19. A Vertical bar graph

  20. Horizontal Bar graph

  21. Line Graphs • Line graphs show data as a series of points which are joined together to form a line. • They show trends or changes over a period of time . • They can be used to predict future changes • Line graphs must have a title and axis labels. • E.g. line graphs can be used to show change in population over time.

  22. Temperatures (ºC) Recorded for a Week

  23. Pie chart/divided circle • Pie charts represent data using segments. Each segment represents a quantity. The quantity is calculated in degrees. • A pie chart must have a title and it is wise to record the number of degrees in each segment. • See second presentation which gives detailed instructions of how to construct a pie chart correctly.

  24. A Pie chart

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