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Periodic Table: Determining Element Properties

Learn how to use the periodic table to determine the properties of an element, including atomic number, atomic mass, subatomic particles, and other characteristics.

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Periodic Table: Determining Element Properties

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  1. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Date Tennessee SPI Objective: Use the periodic table to determine the properties of an element. Essential Question(s) How do I use the periodic table to… a) …determine the atomic number? b) …determine the atomic mass? c) …determine the number of sub-atomic particles? d) …determine other properties in an atom? Success Criteria I can use the periodic table to determine the properties of an element.

  2. Electrons are located in shellsA.K.A. energy levels or A.K.A. orbitals 1) The 1st shell can hold up to two electrons Reactivity in Elements 2) Other shells can hold up to 8 electrons. (called the Octet Rule) Note: Some hold more, but 8 in the outer shell makes it stable. - - - Example: Neon Atom 1st Shell: Two electrons, Outer Shell: Eight electrons 10 x 10 Ne x 10 - - - P - N Neon - 20.2 - -

  3. Valence electrons are the key. (electrons in the outermost shell) Reactivity in Elements Reactivity: is how easily or quickly a chemical reaction occurs The number of valence electrons determines how and if the element/atom will chemically react/bond If the outer shell is full, the element will not react with other elements. - x 5 If the outer shell is NOT full, the element will react with other elements. x 6 - + Note: Boron has 3 valence electrons. It is not full…can hold up to 8. Therefore it WILL chemically react - - - Boron Atom

  4. Groups/Families • Columns are called groups/families • There are 18 groups • Group 1 is called the alkali metal family (see below) Group 1 = Alkali Metals Alkali metals are the most reactive group/family! • Alkali Metals: • Notice they are in group 1. • So they have one valence electron. • Their outer shells are not full. • Easily react with other elements. Why?

  5. Groups/Families • Group 2 is called the alkali-earth metal family (see below) Group 2 = Alkali-Earth Metals Alkali-earth metals are very reactive! • Alkali-Earth Metals: • Notice they are in group 2. • So they have two valence electrons. • Their outer shells are not full. • Easily react with other elements. Why?

  6. Groups/Families • Groups 3 to 12 are called the transition metals (see below) Groups 3 to 12 = Transition Metals Transition Metals Transition Metals (Lanthanides) Transition Metals (Actinides)

  7. Groups/Families • Group 17 is called the halogen family (see below) Group 17 = Halogens Halogens are very reactive! (Flourine is the most reactive non-metal) • Halogens: • Notice they are in group 17. • So they have seven valence electrons. • Their outer shells are not full. • Easily react with other elements. Why?

  8. Groups/Families • Group 18 is called the noble gas family (see below) Group 18 = Noble Gases Noble gases are non-reactive/inert! • Noble Gases: • Notice they are in group 18. • So they have 8 valence electrons. • Their outer shells are completely full. • They do not react with other elements. Why?

  9. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Science Questions What is the family name of group one shown above, and what is one key property of these elements? A) Halogens gases, they are non-reactive B) Alkali metals, they are very reactive.

  10. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Science Questions What is the family name for the shaded elements shown above, and what is one key property of these elements? A) Noble gases, they are non-reaction B) Transition metals, they are shiny and conduct electricity

  11. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Science Questions What is the family name of group seventeen shown above, and what is one key property of these elements? A) Halogens gases, they are very reactive B) Alkali-Earth metals, they are not very reactive.

  12. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Science Questions Look at the Boron atom shown below. How many valence electrons does Boron have, and is it likely to react or not? A) It has five valence electrons, and it will not react. B) It has three valence electrons, and it will react. - x 5 x 6 - + - - - Boron Atom

  13. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Science Questions Look at the Neon atom shown below. How many valence electrons does Neon have, and is it likely to react or not? A) It has eight valence electrons, and it will not react. B) It has ten valence electrons, and it will react. - - - x 10 x 10 - - - P - N - - - Neon Atom

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