17th Century England

1. 17th Century England • Developing into a Constitutional Monarchy: • Monarchs v. Parliaments over Religion • power of monarch over Parliament 1

2. JC Cromwell - CJ Stuart Dynasty • James I (1603 - 1625) • Charles I (1625 - 1649) • English Civil War (1642 - 1646) • Oliver Cromwell (1649 - 1658) • Charles II (1660 - 1685) • James II (1685 - 1688) • Glorious Revolution 1688 = Rule of William and Mary Puritanical Republic Stuart Dynasty

3. King James I King Charles II Oliver Cromwell King Charles I King James II

4. England before 17th c.: Parliament monarchs

5. James I Domestic and Foreign Policies

6. Charles I - turning Catholic? • Wife is French Catholic • William Laud - archbishop of Canterbury - rounds up Puritans before the Court of Star Chamber • tries to impose Anglican Church on Scotland by imposing Book of Common Prayers - John Knox fights it • His critics see his foreign and domestic policies as Pro Catholic, Pro-Spanish, Pro-French

7. Charles I • tries to raise funds without Parliament • Parliament forces him to sign Petition of Right 1628: • Defined rights of Parliament as inalienable • condemns arbitrary arrest and martial law • condemns imposing taxes without Parliament’s consent • Charle’s reaction - disbands Parliament and instead collects monies by taxing seaports (ship money” and selling titles of nobility 7

8. Charles I • King is suspected of conspiring in a “popish plot” - idea is promoted by John Pym - leader of Puritans in Parliament - a plot to restore Catholicism to England • Parliament also believes that William Laud is behind this plot

9. The Long Parliament 1640 - 1660 • Charles I is forced to call back Parliament due to war with Scotland • Reforms of the Long Parliament include: • Removal of William Laud • Abolish Court of Star Chamber • Parliament required to meet every 3 years • King gathers up his army and tries to remove Parliament again... leads to war....

10. English Civil War 1642 - 1646 • Causes/Issues: • absolutism or constitutional monarchy • Anglican (controlled by king’s bishops) or more decentralized Presbyterian control of church – what Puritins wanted • Royalist / Cavaliers vs. (roundheads) • Parliament divided - not all Puritans • Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army • Levellers – radicals, wanted popular sovereignty

11. Beheading of Charles I • 1648 Colonel Thomas Pride’s Purge, as the leader of the New Model Army, he forcibly removes the majority of Parliament leaving only a ‘Rump Parliament’ • Was this a revolution or coup d’etat? • The Rump Parliament orders the beheading of Charles I • Cromwell becomes new leader, later disbands Parliament and rules as “Lord Protector” • Cromwell brings Scotland, Wales and Ireland under English rule – Great Britain • Cromwell begins Navigation Acts • Cromwell begins war against the Dutch

12. Rule of Cromwell1649 - 1660 • The English Republic • Puritanical Republic • The Commonwealth • Cromwell rules as “Lord Protector” • Military Dictatorship • Instrument of Government

13. Restoration Monarchy • Charles II 1660 - 1685 “Merry Monarch” • Navigation Acts 1651 - 1673 • Dutch Naval Wars 1652 - 1674 • Test Acts 1673 – passed by Parliament • Formation of Tories v. Whigs

14. James II (1685 - 1688) • Ignores Test Act and appoints Catholics to official positions • Catholic wife has son • Glorious Revolution 1688-89 – Parliament invites William and Mary to take the throne. James II flees to the safety of France, avoiding a civil war this time. • William and Mary are the new monarchs of England • The English Bill of Rights 1689, signed by William and Mary guaranteed rights to Parliament and created a Constitutional or Limited Monarchy in England and thereby avoided the rule of Absolutist monarchs as occurred in France.

15. Glorious Revolution 1688 English Bill of Rights 1689

16. Important Writings: • Thomas Hobbes Leviathan 1651

17. Second Treatise on Civil Government 1690 John Locke