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17th Century England

17th Century England. Developing into a Constitutional Monarchy: Monarchs v. Parliaments over religion and power of monarch over Parliament. 1. JC Cromwell - CJ. Stuart Dynasty. James I (1603 - 1625) Charles I (1625 - 1649) English Civil War (1642 - 1646) Oliver Cromwell (1649 - 1658)

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17th Century England

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  1. 17th Century England • Developing into a Constitutional Monarchy: • Monarchs v. Parliaments over • religion • and • power of monarch over Parliament 1

  2. JC Cromwell - CJ Stuart Dynasty • James I (1603 - 1625) • Charles I (1625 - 1649) • English Civil War (1642 - 1646) • Oliver Cromwell (1649 - 1658) • Charles II (1660 - 1685) • James II (1685 - 1688) • Glorious Revolution 1688 = Rule of William and Mary Puritanical Republic Stuart Dynasty

  3. King James I King Charles II Oliver Cromwell King Charles I King James II

  4. England before 17th c.: Parliament monarchs

  5. James I Domestic and Foreign Policies

  6. Charles I - turning Catholic? • Wife is French Catholic • William Laud - archbishop of Canterbury - rounds up Puritans before the Court of Star Chamber • tries to impose Anglican Church on Scotland by imposing Book of Common Prayers - John Knox fights it • His critics see his foreign and domestic policies as Pro Catholic, Pro-Spanish, Pro-French

  7. Charles I • tries to raise funds without Parliament • Parliament forces him to sign Petition of Right 1628: • Defined rights of Parliament as inalienable • condemns arbitrary arrest and martial law • condemns imposing taxes without Parliament’s consent • Charle’s reaction - disbands Parliament and instead collects monies by taxing seaports (ship money” and selling titles of nobility 7

  8. Charles I • King is suspected of conspiring in a “popish plot” - idea is promoted by John Pym - leader of Puritans in Parliament - a plot to restore Catholicism to England • William Laud is behind this plot

  9. The Long Parliament 1640 - 1660 • Charles I forced to call back Parliament due to war with Scotland • Reforms of the Long Parliament include: • Removal of Laud • Abolish Court of Star Chamber • Parliament to meet every 3 years • King gathers up his army and tries to remove Parliament again... leads to war....

  10. English Civil War 1642 - 1646 • Royalist / Cavaliers vs. (roundheads) • Parliament divided • Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army • Levellers

  11. Beheading of Charles I • 1648 Pride’s Purge = Rump Parliament • Revolution or coup d’etat? • Cromwell creates Great Britain • Cromwell begins Navigation Acts • Cromwell beings war against the Dutch • 1653 Cromwell disbands Rump Parliament

  12. 1649 - 1660 • The English Republic • Puritanical Republic • The Commonwealth • Cromwell rules as “Lord Protector” • Military Dictatorship • Instrument of Government

  13. Restoration Monarchy • Charles II 1660 - 1685 “Merry Monarch” • Navigation Acts 1651 - 1673 • Dutch Naval Wars 1652 - 1674 • Test Acts 1673 • Formation of Tories v. Whigs

  14. James II (1685 - 1688) • Ignores Test Act and appoints Catholics to official positions • Catholic wife has son • Glorious Revolution 1688-89 • William and Mary • English Bill of Rights 1689

  15. Glorious Revolution 1688 English Bill of Rights 1689

  16. Important Writings: • Thomas Hobbes Leviathan 1651

  17. Second Treatise on Civil Government 1690 John Locke

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