1.4 Body Image

1. 1.4 Body Image Explore how the body is portrayed in physical activity

2. Sporting uniforms What is the uniform of the following sports and why is it the uniform? *cricket *tennis * basketball *rugby *volleyball * swimming * triathlon *cross country skiing * netball *skating * beach volleyball * cycling *snooker Are you more likely to watch a sport based on what the players are wearing?

3. Negative body image Happens when a person believes they are the wrong size/shape and compares themselves to what is considered ‘normal’ What is the ‘normal’ body image? Men: Woman:

4. Body Image Normal: Men: tall, muscular, good looking, play rugby e.g Dan Carter Woman: slim, good looking, toned e.g Maria Sharapova Models are the extreme end of the body continuum, most people are not this slim and it would be unhealthy to be so.

5. Body Types • Endomorph: shorter with high body fat e.g rugby prop • Ectomorph: taller with low body fat e.g high jumper • Mesomorph: high muscle mass e.g gymnasts

6. Sporting Body Types • Put the following sporting positions in the triangle Mesomorph EctomorphEndomorph *cricketer *100m sprinter * swimmer *sumo *gymnast *jockey *dancer *wrestler *rugby prop * high jumper *basketball *volleyball

7. S.P.E.E.C.H How do these factors influence body image during physical activity? Social: Political: Economic: Environmental: Cultural: Historical:

8. S.P.E.E.C.H Social: how our friends/family influence our body and what activity we do Political: how the government influence us (money given to certain sports) Economic: the cost of exercise and clothing Environmental: where we live, what activities are available in our area Cultural: influence of NZ society on activity, NZ supposed sporty/outdoor country Historical: how peoples attitudes to activity have changed. Women in olympics

9. Age and Exercise • What is the difference between young and old people and exercise? • Flexibility, injury, team vs individual sports, competition vs participation, • Medical vs challenge, parental influence vs personal influence • Is it ok for elderly people to wear tight clothing when playing?

10. Age and exercise • Are these sports for old or young people? Why is there this stereotype? • Bowls, golf, hiking, swimming, cycling, Rugby, netball, hockey, marathon running, gymnastics, tennis, cricket

11. Male vs Female physical differences • Testosterone, estrogen, aggressive, faster and stronger, higher percent of body fat, smaller shoulders for better flexibility, wider hips allow for better rotation, higher pain threshold, sweat less so conserve energy better

12. Male vs Female • Which sport are men and women the closest in terms of ability? • Endurance swimming and Gymnastics (flexibility and agility) • (body fat gives flotation, flexible shoulder and hips, good endurance, technique not strength) • Aesthetic sports (dance, skating)

13. Body types

14. Body Types • What sport do you think best caters for all body types? Netball: GK endo, centre meso, GS endo Rugby: Prop endo, first 5 meso, lock ecto * Think of 2 more yourself

15. Sexuality in Sport violence, aggression, beauty, hide emotions, cheerleading , professional, contact sports, drinking beer, supporting, amateur, dance/gymnastics, show emotions Put all of the above words in a table under the heading Male or female

16. Spectatorship • Girls: are you more likely to watch a sport where the boys show their bodies like in aussie rules, swimming, athletics, triathlon, boxing • Boys: are you more likely to watch a sport where the girls show their bodies like in Beach volleyball, swimming, triathlon, tennis, athletics * This is why the media tries to ‘sell’ sport by using good looking action shots

17. Feminine/Masculine Netball, Dance, Ice skating, Horseriding, Rugby, Volleyball, Boxing, Golf, Swimming, Cricket Put the above sports on the continuum Feminine Neutral Masculine

18. Violence in Sport • What sports are the most violent? • Combat: Boxing, martial arts (judo, taekwando, karate), wrestling • Team: Rugby, rugby league, aussie rules, gridiron • Most watched sports in the world: Football, Olympics, Basketball, Amercian Football (why are they?)

19. Emotions in sport • What emotions are shown in sport? happy, sad, anger, frustration, celebration, concentration, focus, determination, calmness, relaxed Are certain sports more likely to show specific emotions? Think of 10. e.g Soccer – faking an injury

20. Developing a healthy body image • listen to your body, eat when you are hungry • be realistic about the size you are likely to be and what sports will suit you • exercise regularly (daily) in a way you enjoy regardless of body shape • elite athletes and models are a very small minority of our population • Get support from friends, team mates

21. Body Image and the Media The body is used in many ways by the media: * A symbol of glamour (tall, elegant models used to sell products * As a sex object (models in seductive poses) Which 3 male and female sports stars get the most sponsorship, why?

22. Body Image and the Media *David Beckham- very high profile *Tiger Woods- how has infidelity affected his image *Le Bron James – basketball NBA *Maria Sharapova (tennis) *Serena Williams (tennis)

23. NZ participation numbers • Auckland marathon: 12,000 • Round taupo cycle: 10,000 Rugby: 145,000 Soccer: 135,000 Netball: 135,000 Cricket: 100,000 Hockey 70,000 Individual vs Team sports (participate vs competition)