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Chapter 7 The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton

Chapter 7 The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton. Skeletal System Gross Anatomy. Chapter 7. Skeletal System. Provides framework Without skeleton, muscles couldn’t move body Components Bones Cartilage Ligaments Tendons Relationships among bones and soft tissues. Skeleton.

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Chapter 7 The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton

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  1. Chapter 7The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton

  2. Skeletal SystemGross Anatomy Chapter 7

  3. Skeletal System • Provides framework • Without skeleton, muscles couldn’t move body • Components • Bones • Cartilage • Ligaments • Tendons • Relationships among bones and soft tissues

  4. Skeleton • Axial skeleton • Skull • Hyoid bone • Vertebral column • Thoracic (rib) cage • Appendicular skeleton • Limbs • Girdles

  5. The Complete Skeleton

  6. Terms Body: Main part Head: Enlarge end Neck: Constriction between head and body Margin or border: Edge Angle: Bend Ramus: Branch off body Condyle: Smooth rounded articular surface Facet: Small flattened articular surface Projections Process: Prominent projection Tubercle: Small rounded bump Tuberosity: Knob Trochanter: Tuberosities on proximal femur Epicondyle: Near or above condyle Anatomic Bone Features

  7. Ridges Line or linea: Low ridge Crest or crista: Prominent ridge Spine: Very high ridge Openings Foramen: Hole Canal or meatus: Tunnel Fissure: Cleft Sinus or Labyrinth: Cavity Depressions Fossa: General term for a depression Notch: Depression in bone margin Fovea: Little pit Groove or sulcus: Deeper, narrow depression Anatomic Bone Features

  8. The Skull or Cranium • Functions • Protects brain • Supports organs of special senses • Provides foundation for structures that take air, food , water into body • Superior view of skull • Parietal bones • Frontal bone • Sagittal suture • Coronal suture

  9. Posterior View of Skull • Occipital bone • Lambdoid suture • Sutural bones • External occipital protuberance • Ligamentum nuchae: Helps keep head erect • Nuchal lines: Neck muscle attachment points

  10. Lateral View of Skull • Squamous suture • External auditory meatus • Mastoid Process • Temporal lines • Sphenoid bone • Zygomatic bones • Maxilla • Mandible

  11. Frontal View of Skull • Frontal bone • Zygomatic bones • Maxillae • Mandible • Orbits • Nasolacrimal canal • Optic foramen

  12. Bones of Nasal Cavity

  13. Paranasal Sinuses • Functions • Decrease skull weight • Resonating chambers • Names • Frontal • Maxillary • Ethmoidal • Sphenoidal

  14. Inferior View of Skull • Foramen magnum • Occipital condyles • Jugular foramina • Styloid processes • Vomer bone • Hard or bony palate

  15. Hyoid Bone • Unpaired • No direct bony attachment to skull • Attachment point for some tongue muscles • Attachment point for neck muscles that elevate larynx during speech and swallowing

  16. Vertebral Column • Supports weightof head and trunk • Protects the spinal cord • Allow spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord • Provides site for muscleattachment • Permits movement of head and trunk

  17. Vertebra • Body • Vertebral foramen • Vertebral arch • Pedicle • Lamina • Transverse process • Spinous process • Articular processes

  18. Intervertebral Disks • Located between adjacent vertebrae • Functions • Provide support • Prevent vertebrae rubbing • Consist of • Annulus fibrosus • Nucleus pulposus

  19. Herniated or Ruptured Disk

  20. Spina Bifida

  21. Vertebral Column • Regions • Cervical (7 vertebrae) • Thoracic (12 vertebrae) • Lumbar (5 vertebrae) • Sacral bone (1) • Coccygeal bone (1) • Major Curvatures (4) • Abnormal curvatures • Lordosis • Kyphosis • Scoliosis

  22. Cervical Vertebrae • Atlas • First vertebra • Axis • Second vertebra • Dens or odontoid process • Vertebral prominens

  23. Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae

  24. Sacrum and Coccyx

  25. Thoracic or Rib Cage • Functions • Protects vital organs • Forms semi-rigid chamber for respiration • Parts • Thoracic vertebrae • Ribs (12 pair) • True or Vertebrosternal • False or Vertebrochondral • Floating or vertebral • Sternum

  26. Sternum • Breastbone • Parts • Manubrium • Body • Xiphoidprocess • Sternal angle • Important landmark for counting ribs to locate areas of the heart

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