Download
1 / 19
190 likes | 202 Views
Protists are eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals. They are mostly unicellular and are found in or near water. This article provides an overview of different types of protists, their classification, how they obtain energy, and their methods of movement.
E N D
KINGDOM PROTISTA Protists are eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals; most are unicellular; found in or near water Examples of Protists: • amoeba – use pseudopodia to move • paramecium – use cilia to move • euglena – use flagella to move • algae – are photosynthetic (ex: green, red, brown algae) • diatoms - are photosynthetic with double shells made of silica • slime and water molds (fungus-like) • sporozoans – form spores (ex: malaria, toxoplasmosis)
Classification of Protists • Animal Like amoeba paramecium sporozoans • Plant Like euglena algae diatoms • Fungus Like slime mold water mold How they obtain energy How they move
Different Kinds Of Protists Amoeba Paramecium Euglena Sporozoans (Malaria) Diatoms Algae Slime & Water Mold
AMOEBA Pseudopod – flexible cytoplasmic extensions; “false foot” Cyst – a hard-walled body that can exist for a long period of time until conditions become favorable Contractile Vacuole – removes excess water
Method of Reproduction – binary fission Amoebic Dysentery – diarrhea and stomach upset caused by drinking contaminated water Endocytosis– method of food intake creating food vacuoles
Euglena Flagella – a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor for movement • Eyespot – area that detects light • Contractile Vacuole – removes excess water
Pellicle – stiff but flexible covering that gives the organism its shape • Autotrophic – have chloroplast to can undergo photosynthesis • Heterotrophic– absorbs food across their cell membrane
Paramecium Cilia – tiny hair-like projections • Trichocysts – thread like organelles used as defense mechanisms • Pellicle – a thick outer membrane • Contractile Vacuole – removes excess water
Micronucleus – controls reproduction; asexually (binary fission) or sexually (conjugation) • Macronucleus– controls everything but reproduction • Avoidance Behavior– moving away from an unpleasant stimulus
KINGDOM FUNGI Characteristics: • eukaryotes • multicellular, except for yeast (unicellular) • cell walls are made of chitin • “absorptive” heterotrophs, they do not ingest their food, they secrete digestive enzymes then absorb the nutrients (extracellular digestion) ex: saprophytes – live off dead organisms parasites – live off living organisms
Why are fungi not classified as plants? They are heterotrophs, not autotrophs. They have no chloroplast/chlorophyll. They have no true roots, stems, and leaves.
Internal Structure of Fungi The bodies of fungi consist of hyphae (long slender strands of cells). A branching network of hyphae is called mycelium.
How do fungi reproduce? Asexually – cells divide to produce spores or a piece of hyphae breaks off and grows into a new fungus Sexually – the hyphae of two different fungi grow close together and the hyphae join together producing a genetically different fungi
Types of Fungi: • Club Fungi (Basidiomycetes) –mushrooms; forms spores in a structure called basidium • Sac Fungi (Ascomycetes)– truffles, mildew; forms spores in a sac called asci; also includes yeast • Thread-like Fungi (Zygomycetes)-bread mold; spores found in sporangium • Imperfect Fungi ( Deuteromycota) includes Althete’s foot, ringworm, thrush
Symbiotic Relationships Lichens – symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi Mycorrhizae – symbiotic fungi that inhabit the roots of plants and help supply them with nutrients
Types of Fungi Zygomycetes (Thread-like Fungi) Mushrooms Basidiomycetes (Club Fungi) Bread Mold Yeast Ascomycetes (Sac Fungi)
