A Logic Model for Prevention of Alcohol-related Situation Violence

1. A Logic Model for Prevention of Alcohol-related Situation Violence Harold D. Holder, PhD, Kathryn E. (Beth) Moracco, PhD, MPH; Deborah Fisher, PhD Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation

2. Alcohol-Related Situational ViolenceHeavy drinking ? Violence Definition: Interpersonal physically and/or sexually violent behavior or threats of violence that is associated with drinking events outside the home. Typically occurring around alcohol outlets but also in other public settings or gatherings, e.g., arenas or stadiums.  Does not include: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Child Maltreatment Intra-personal violence

3. CSAP Outcomes-Based Prevention

4. Logic Models are composed of: 3) Intervention strategies to change Key intermediate variables.

6. Conceptual Model: Alcohol-Related Situational Violence

7. Intervening Variables High Risk Drinking: Heavy drinking in-the-event Typically 5+ drinks in short time period Increased impairment—judgment, reflex, etc. Individual Factors Gender (male <25) Personality characteristics Alcohol-aggression expectancies Perceived acceptability of drinking and violence 

8. Intervening Variables Continued Retail Availability: level of access or convenience for individuals to obtain alcohol (independent of cost) outlet density hours and days of sale minimum age for the purchase or consumption of alcohol regulations of sales and service Social Availability: procurement of alcohol through social sources, such as friends, family members, or other in one’s social network

9. Intervening Variables Continued Price: retail cost of alcohol (includes tax) elasticity with violence, e.g., fighting, etc. Promotion: intentional efforts by alcohol producers, distributors and retailers to stimulate increased demand for their products  Regulations: formal laws, rules, and standards which govern alcohol distribution and sales/service Enforcement essential

10. Intervening Variables Continued Community Norms re Alcohol and Violence Informal standards or values regarding: Acceptability or unacceptability of alcohol consumption Extent to which drinking is associated with aggression Extent to which drinking seen as “time out” Drinking Context Social environment High social involvement Presence of intoxicated people Lack of social controls Social norms of setting Physical environment Irritants Noise Crowding

11. Strategies for Selected Intervening Variables-1

12. Strategies for Selected Intervening Variables- 2

13. Strategies for Selected Intervening Variables-3

14. Summary A complex community system produces alcohol-related situational violence No single intermediate variable causes alcohol-related situation violence Multiple causal factors and thus intervention points exist Dynamic – change over time such that variables affect one another Adaptive –prevention effects can be limited by adaptation from community itself. Prevention research Provides insights into key intermediate variables and improves our understanding of the system Actually using prevention strategies with scientific evidence of effectiveness to lower heavy drinking increases the potential to reduce violence.