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The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment Observational strategy and

Chantier Méditerranée. ChArMEx. The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment Observational strategy and A first estimate of associated needs Contact: francois.dulac@cea.fr. ChArMEx.

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The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment Observational strategy and

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  1. Chantier Méditerranée ChArMEx The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment Observational strategy and A first estimate of associated needs Contact: francois.dulac@cea.fr

  2. ChArMEx ChArMEx is the atmospheric chemistry component of the programme: it deals with short-lived tropospheric species and their impacts on the regional climate, air quality and (marine) ecosystems

  3. ChArMEx work packages overview • COORDINATION • 7 SCIENCE WPs: • SOURCES • AGING • TRANSPORT • RADIATION • DEPOSITION • TRENDS • FUTURE • 7 IMPLEMENTATION WPs: • OBSERVATORY • MONITORING • AIRCRAFT • BALLOONS • CAMPAIGNS • MODELLING • DATA BASE

  4. ChArMEx overall strategy • AMMA-type: multi-scale integrated strategy • 3 levels of in situ field observation: • SOP: Special Observation Periods (~6 weeks, 2 successive yr) • detailed process studies at the regional scale • lagrangian and column type observations • intensive campaigns, extensive measurements, airborne means • support from real-time satellite products and model forecasts • EOP: Enhanced Observation Period (2-3 yr) • daily to seasonal variability • statistical approach by continuous monitoring incl. detailed chem. • normalized meas., stations distributed to account for N-S and E-W gradients • LOP: Long-term Observation Period (5-10+ yr) • trends • a few networked background observatories • basic chemical and radiative parameters • Spaceborne remote sensing • Chemistry-transport and chemistry-climate modelling • Data base

  5. A French observational effort focused on the western basin

  6. GOME JJA2000 tropospheric O3 column (DU) (courtesy of B. Sauvage et al.) A focus of SOPs on the summer season • Clear sky favorable to remote sensing Summer max.: + ~50% Daily surface concentrations in particulate Si at a backgound coastal site in Corsica (Bergametti et al., Kluwer, 1989) Summer max.: + 1 order of magnitude

  7. New: Corsica New: Balearic Islands ?? Marine Nationale Semaphore at Ersa, Cap Corse Lampedusa Finokalia Aerosol effective radius frequency r < 0.70 µm 1.10 < r < 1.75 µm A new network of Mediterranean background observatories Summer (JJA) 2007 aerosol optical depth at 865 nm from PARASOL (courtesy of D. Tanré, J.-L. Deuzé and F. Ducos) + existing background observatories (e.g. PAES, IAGOS…)

  8. Emplacement disponible pour un conteneur instrumenté Le sémaphore d’Ersa

  9. Le site a été testé cet été… Caisson mobile instrumenté (Qualitair Corse) Photomètre AERONET/PHOTON (LOA/LA) • épaisseur optique en aérosol (atténuation • du rayonnement par les particules dans l’atmosphère) • taille de l’aérosol : fin (pollution/feux de biomasse) • ou grossier (poussières minérales) • capacité d’absorption/diffusion des particules • indicateur du « type » d’aérosols • période : juin 08 → maintenant… • concentration en O3 • masse totale en aérosol (PM2.5) • période : juin 08 → sept. 08

  10. … on y voit bien les épisodes de transport à grande échelle Teneur en aérosol intégrée verticalement – AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth at 440 nm) AOD moyenne ≈ 0.21 épisode 1: poussières sahariennes épisode 1: pollution européenne (data available at http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov)

  11. Possible stations for the standardized deposition network(or secondary stations for additional parameters) • Core deposition parameters: total dust, soot, P, Fe, Hg • Needed: consolidation and/or new of AERONET sites • Expected: rain radar western Corsica Master sites Master sites for Hg Basic deposition network *MOOSE network Cap-Ferrat* Monaco? La Seyne-Sur-Mer* Porquerolles Isl.* Cap Bear* Frioul Isl.* Cap Corse Western Italy? Bonifacio Lecce? Eastern Spain? Rende Balearic Islands ? Carloforte? Trapani? Tunis Alger Ghozo? Oran Tanger Lampedusa Nador Medenine

  12. Aircraft operations (1/2) SAFIRE • French Falcon-20 aircraft • MOZART-SAFIRE instrument for O3 & CO • AMOVOC for VOCs (LISA) • MOZAIC water vapour probe (FZJ-Julich, Germany) • Micro aerosol backscatter lidar • ALTO ozone lidar • Dropsonding system • Passive tracer releasing and sampling system from DLR (to be checked) • Aerosol passive remote sensor from LOA (OSIRIS) • Possibly SPIRIT spectrometer from LPCE for H2O, O3, CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and NO2 or HCHO and HNO3 • French ATR42 aircraft • MOZART-SAFIRE for O3 and CO • MONA for NOx/NOy • PTRMS and AMOVOC for VOCs • LNG aerosol lidar • Airborne sun photometer PLASMA (LOA) • Aerosol kinetic inlet with aerosol payload (LISA or LAMP-CNRM) and AMS (MPI or LACE-Villeurbanne) • Aerosol filter sampling (LISA, LGGE) SAFIRE

  13. Aircraft operations (2/2) • LSCE Ultralight • Aerosol lidar measurements (355 nm) • In situ scatterometer (870 nm) • In situ meteorological measurements • Broadband radiative fluxes • FZK Ultralight (W. Junkermann) • In situ meteorological measurements • In situ gas measurements: O3, CH2O, CO2 • In situ aerosol size distribution and optical properties • Upwelling and downwelling actinic fluxes from 290 to 700 nm • Spectral albedo from 320 to 1000 nm (5 channels) • Shortwave radiation balance • Eventually infrared radiation (pyrgeometer) • FZK-Karlsruhe Dornier (U. Corsmeier) ? • Dynamical and gas measurements • DLR Falcon-20 ?? AMMA SOP-0, Niamey airport

  14. Possible aircraft bases F20 range ATR-42 range • Detailed strategy to be discussed

  15. T, HR, V SST Drifting balloons CNES CNES Pressurized balloons (BP) (up to <3 km) GPS, P, T, U Aerosol optical counter/sizer Brodband ↑ and ↓ shortwave and longwave fuxes Aeroclipper Surface fluxes GPS, SST T, U, q at ~10 m (h to be known) aerosol counter and radiation ?

  16. Balloon strategy Spaceborne lidar CALIOP, 26 June 2006, night time African dust MABL Eastern Europe (CALIOP data from NASA) • + radiosounding O3 (and aerosol?) balloons from Ajaccio • 1 per week during EOP, 2 per day during SOPs • + UTLS transmed (Sicily-Spain) stratospheric balloon: • 1 per SOP, SPIRALE (O3, CO, CH4, CH2O, OCS, N2O, NO2, HNO3, HCl)

  17. ChArMEx operation schedule 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 I I I I LOP, on going EOP, spring 2010-autumn 2012 (3 summers) ? SOP ? 2nd phase eastern Med. SOP-C1 summer 2011 SOP-C2 summer 2011 • Joint EOP with HyMeX, MERMEX (and SICMED?) • ChArMEX SOPs alternated with other SOPs

  18. Estimated budget for Corsica observatory equipment

  19. Estimated needs for balloons • Low altitude balloon campaigns • Support to scientific institutes 2010: 22 k€ 2011: 14 k€ 2012: 14 k€ • CNES Balloon Division Test campaign 2010: 195 k€ Sci. campaign 2011: 750 k€ Sci. campaign 2012: 750 k€ • Balloon soundings • 2010 (EOP): 35 k€ (90 k€ with aerosol sensor) • 2011 (EOP+SOP): 100 k€ (200 k€) • 2012 (EOP+SOP): 100 k€ (200 k€) • Stratospheric balloons • Support to scientific institutes: 2011: 70 k€ 2012: 70 k€ • CNES Balloon Division: 2011: 748 k€ 2012: 624 k€

  20. Estimated needs: ~1.5 M€/yr(excl. equipement and balloons) • French aircraft (ATR-42, F-20, ULA) • 2010: 10 k€ (recce) + implementation of a tracer release system • 2011: 425 k€ + tracer release • 2012: 425 k€ + tracer release • Deposition action • EOP (2010-2012): 65 k€/yr x 3 yr • SOP equipment (2011): 67 k€ • Sources and emission inventories • 2010: 425 k€ 2011: 425 k€ 2012: 250 k€ • Chemical analyses (EOP/SOP) • ~40 k€/yr ? • To be completed…

  21. Preparation phase request (2009) • INSU • LEFE/CHAT proposal (113 participants, 34 institutes, 200 pers. x month) AMMA SOP-0, Niamey airport Forçage radiatif aérosols, télédétection Forçage radiatif, modélisation régionale +1 bourse CNES-région MIP: ballons 1. Ingénieur instrumentation: observatoire corse 2. Chef de projet • + ANR ? • CNES • Drifting balloons: 18.9 k€

  22. Cumulative residence time close to the surface (log colorscale in s) of a large ensemble of back-trajectories ending at Cap Corse (one trajectory every 3 hours in June-July-August 2005, computed with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART). It provides an estimation of the potential relative influence of each source point on in situ measurements made at Cap Corse. Grey iso-contours plotted every 12 h represent the mean travel time from a given local point to Cap Corse. (courtesy of François Gheusi, LA-Toulouse and Stephan Henne, EMPA-Switzerland)

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