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Understanding Different Relationships in Nature

Explore the symbiotic relationships between various species, such as mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, and understand how they impact ecosystems. Discover examples like army ants and birds, fungus and algal cells, squirrels and trees, and more.

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Understanding Different Relationships in Nature

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  1. Relationships How do different species affect one another?

  2. Symbiosis A close relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different biological species Three types: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitic relationships

  3. Commensalism A type of relationship between two individual organisms where one organism benefits and the other organism is unaffected

  4. Mutualism A type of relationship between organisms where both organisms benefit from the relationship

  5. Parasitism A type of relationship between organisms where one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed by the relationship

  6. Important Things to Remember • All species interact with other species around it and the habitat around it • A change to one species can affect another species or habitat • A change in a habitat can affect one or more species

  7. Army Ants & Birds

  8. Army Ants & Birds • When army ants march in a line, they stir up insects that make it easier for the birds to see & eat. • Commensalism

  9. Fungus & Algal Cells (in lichens)

  10. Fungus & Algal Cells (in lichens) • Both the fungus and the algal cells use each other in the structure of the lichen • Mutualism

  11. Squirrel & Tree

  12. Squirrel & Tree • A squirrel gets its food from the acorns from a tree • Commensalism

  13. Tree & Fungus

  14. Tree & Fungus • A fungus grows on the side of a tree and could cause the tree to weaken or die. • Parasitism

  15. Tree & Mistletoe

  16. Tree & Mistletoe • Mistletoe grows in trees, taking the nourishment from the tree (notice the color of leaves of mistletoe vs. tree) • Parasitism

  17. Humans & Microorganisms (bacteria)

  18. Humans & Microorganisms (bacteria) • Bacteria lives in humans but can help in some functions such as digestions. • Mutualism

  19. Barnacles & Whales

  20. Barnacles & Whales • Barnacles find a home on the outside of a whale • Commensalism

  21. Ticks & Humans

  22. Ticks & Humans • Ticks latch onto human skin and find nourishment by drawing blood (they can carry infections) • Parasitism

  23. Cattle Egrets & Livestock

  24. Cattle Egrets & Livestock • Cattle egrets live among livestock and eat the insects that are stirred up by the movement of the cattle. • Commensalism

  25. Humans & Cold Virus

  26. Humans & Cold Virus • A virus, such as the cold virus, finds its home in a host, such as a human • Parasitism

  27. Cleaner Shrimp & Fish

  28. Cleaner Shrimp & Fish • Cleaner shrimp find food on the surface of fish, sharks, and other sea creatures • Mutualism

  29. Flowers & Bees

  30. Flowers & Bees • A bee finds its source of food through the flower’s pollen and helps pollinate the flower so it can reproduce • Mutualism

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