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Evaluating Ethanol and ETBE for Reduced CO2 Emissions in BioFuels Industry

Explore the benefits of ethanol and ETBE in reducing CO2 emissions in biofuels production. Discover the impact of various blending options and refinery processes on carbon intensity. Understand the economic and regulatory factors influencing CO2 evaluation in the EU biofuels agenda.

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Evaluating Ethanol and ETBE for Reduced CO2 Emissions in BioFuels Industry

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  1. Kees Hettinga Sabic Europe Walter Mirabella Lyondell Chemical Europe Com 2007(18) - Stakeholders meeting Brussels, Belgium 29th May 2007

  2. BioFuels Evaluated on CO2 • Fuel Quality Directive Review Proposal Requiring Accurate CO2 Evaluation of Fuels • EU MSs Targeting BioComponents CO2 Performance: • GERMANY (meo/IFEU) • NETHERLANDS (Cramer Committee) • UNITED KINGDOM (Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership)

  3. Why a new evaluation for EtOH/EtBE? • ETBE Currently Key to EU ETOH Blending • Address CO2 Impact Triggered by Refinery Optimisation after Adding EtOH and/or EtBE • Focus on Comparing the two Ethanol “forms” within the refinery • Addressing “middle-man” Misconception: • “Extra processing step costs energy, therefore CO2 emissions expected to be larger with ETBE than for ethanol direct blending” • Demonstrate Reality: • ETBE allows lower Carbon intensive blend stock, saving CO2

  4. “Bio-Petrol”:Etherification Central in the Supply Chain Ethanol (Distillation) ETBE (Etherification) Refinery (Formulation) Distribution (Consumption) Bio-Mass (Agriculture)

  5. “Forms” of Ethanol: >3/4th of EU Bio-Ethanol Blended Today as ETBE

  6. CO2–Related Factors Affected by Refining • Gasoline composition • H/C ratio (Aromatics, olefins, lights) • Processing fuel consumption • Octane-production/energy-use correlation • Indirect effects • Changed refinery output due to other optimization

  7. Octane/Refinery Fuel Use Correlation: Long Known Factor Source: CONCAWE’s “RUFIT” report N° 6/78 (dec 1978)

  8. Study Basis • Refinery modeling performed by consultant • Main refinery products constant on energy basis • Time base-line 2010 • Base petrol summer grade with no bio-components • Compare ethanol directly blended vs. ETBE • Ethanol is “smart” blended

  9. Different ETOH Blending Options

  10. Theoretical ETOH CO2 Performance Basis CH3-CH2-OH + 3O2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O 46.07 44 5500 10506 50% 5253

  11. CO2 Scenarios Comparison:Detailed Relative Contribution A = Ethanol 5%v/v & MTBE export, B = Ethanol 5%v/v & MTBE to iC8=, C = Existing MTBE converted to ETBE + ETOH-DB to %5v/v D = Existing MTBE + Available iC4 converted to ETBE + ethanol to 5%v/v E = As above + Incl nC4= isomerisation then to ETBE

  12. CO2 Scenarios Comparison:Overall Relative Contribution A = Ethanol 5%v/v & MTBE export, B = Ethanol 5%v/v & MTBE to iC8=, C = Existing MTBE converted to ETBE + ETOH-DB to %5v/v D = Existing MTBE + Available iC4 converted to ETBE + ethanol to 5%v/v E = As above + Incl nC4= isomerisation then to ETBE

  13. CO2 Scenarios Comparison:Refinery Impact in Perspective with Hypothetical Overall Saving A = Ethanol 5%v/v & MTBE export, B = Ethanol 5%v/v & MTBE to iC8=, C = Existing MTBE converted to ETBE + ETOH-DB to %5v/v D = Existing MTBE + Available iC4 converted to ETBE + ethanol to 5%v/v E = As above + Incl nC4= isomerisation then to ETBE

  14. CO2 Scenarios Comparison:Net Refinery Impact in Perspective with Hypothetical Overall Saving A = Ethanol 5%v/v & MTBE export, B = Ethanol 5%v/v & MTBE to iC8=, C = Existing MTBE converted to ETBE + ETOH-DB to %5v/v D = Existing MTBE + Available iC4 converted to ETBE + ethanol to 5%v/v E = As above + Incl nC4= isomerisation then to ETBE

  15. Economics Drive the Choice Between ScenariosUnwise Regulations Backfiring on CO2 SCENARIOS CHOICE CO2 IMPACT REGULATIONS ECONOMICS FQDR BFDR ETS ….

  16. Conclusions • CO2 Evaluation Key in the EU Bio-Fuels Agenda • Impact within Refinery Significant • ETS doesn’t Cover all CO2 Savings from Refinery • Bio-ethers Greatly Enhance Ethanol CO2 Performance • Etherification Beyond Current Capacity Good for CO2 • Regulations Penalising ETBE Counterproductive for CO2

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