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Welcome ,

Welcome ,. See updated details at http://techalive.mtu.edu/ce4905. The Affairs of Crystal Lake The 1890s The Roaring 20s After the War And Into Today. … something’s happening here , what it is ain’t exactly clear. Buffalo Springfield. Organic Matter (%DW). 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50.

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  1. Welcome, See updated details at http://techalive.mtu.edu/ce4905

  2. The Affairs of Crystal Lake The 1890s The Roaring 20s After the War And Into Today … something’s happening here , what it is ain’t exactly clear. Buffalo Springfield

  3. Organic Matter (%DW) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 History in the Mud ? Distance from Water Surface (cm) ? Image courtesy of Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Sand→ → → → Muck

  4. Hydrology 101 Surface fed lake with inflow and outflow http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water

  5. Basics of Crystal Lake http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water

  6. Basic hydrology of the area surrounding Crystal Lake http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/faq/water

  7. Groundwater & Crystal Lake • Considered a Seepage Lake • General flow of groundwater is from north to south toward the Menominee river.

  8. Analysis of Crystal Lake Monitoring well locations around Crystal Lake

  9. Groundwater Profiles

  10. Groundwater Profiles

  11. 3D contour of groundwater table on 4/25/2007 N Crystal Lake

  12. Factors Influencing Lake Levels • Regional Water Table • Stormwater Inputs • Stormwater Diversion

  13. Factors Influencing Lake Levels • Regional Water Table • Stormwater Inputs • Stormwater Diversion

  14. Factors Influencing Lake Levels • Regional Water Table • Stormwater Inputs • Stormwater Diversion

  15. Water Balance of Crystal Lake http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water

  16. Effects of Storm Events

  17. Factors Influencing Lake Levels • Regional Water Table • Stormwater Inputs • Stormwater Diversion

  18. Effects of Groundwater vs. Storm Event • Effect of Groundwater • Almost 6 feet • Effect of 100 Year Storm Event • Approximately 20 inches • Dissipated over 30 days • Effect of Removing Stormwater • Less than 6 inches over average summer • Recharged by snow melt in spring

  19. Bathymetric Survey Augering Holes to Record Depths Taking Rod Measurements Transporting Auger

  20. Bathymetric Survey Current Water Depth Sediment Thickness

  21. Bathymetric Survey Current Water Depth Historical Depths

  22. Crystal Lake Bathymetric Survey

  23. The Affairs of Crystal Lake Water Quality Issues

  24. Stormwater http://www.blackwarriorriver.org/images/stormwater.jpg

  25. The City of Iron Mountain is not required to obtain a permit Only systems which service a population >100,000 “We have made it clear to the city that a stormwater discharge to an inland lake is highly undesirable and should be avoided if possible” (Jack W. Rydquist, MDNR, Regional Supervisor Surface Water Quality Division). Is it Legal?

  26. Coliforms in Crystal Lake • E. coli tested in Crystal Lake • E. coli is not disease causing • Fecal matter contains disease causing organisms • Potential illnesses include • Giardia • Shigella • Norovirus E. coli bacteria

  27. Coliforms-Causes and Effects • Direct Runoff • Stormwater • Sewage

  28. = In the lake near the north stormwater pipe = In the lake near the east stormwater pipe =In the lake near the park = In the stormwater pipes

  29. Bacteria in Crystal Lake

  30. Bacteria in Crystal Lake

  31. Bacteria in Crystal Lake

  32. Coliforms-Treatment Options • Use model to predict safety window • Eliminate stormwater input

  33. Fish Kills in Crystal Lake Fish found in Crystal Lake Perch Bullhead Emerald Shiner

  34. Fish Kills in Crystal Lake

  35. Oxygen – Causes and Effects

  36. Oxygen – Management Options Increase volume of lake Meet SOD by adding oxygen Remove sediments by dredging

  37. Plants in Crystal Lake Algae Macrophytes

  38. Plants – Causes and Effects Oligotrophic – scarcely fed 0-10 ug P/L Mesotrophic – moderately fed 10-20 ug P/L Eutrophic – well fed > 20 ug P/L

  39. Plants – Management Options Reduce nutrient inputs Increase volume of lake Apply algaecide and harvest macrophytes

  40. The Affairs of Crystal Lake Methods of Restoration

  41. Current Stormwater System

  42. Previously Considered Options • Pump all stormwater to the Chapin Pits • Using Mud and Bear Lakes as natural filters for stormwater before entering Crystal Lake • Route stormwater directly to the Menominee River • Construction of a detention pond on the S.E. corner of the lake • In line treatment of all stormwater

  43. No Action Alternative • Continuously monitor levels of coliform bacteria and post contact restrictions when levels are elevated. http://www.seagrant.umn.edu

  44. Stormwater Treatment Option • Treat coliform bacteria in both outlets • Chlorine - expensive • U.V. Light Disinfection-inefficient • Pre-treatment unit to remove debris-only grit http://www.contech-cpi.com/stormwater http://www.wateronline.com

  45. Treatment Overview

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