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Insight into 1st Century Jewish Groups and Gospel Context

Explore Pharisees, Sadducees, Zealots, Essenes & synoptic gospels. Understand Jesus' teaching on Kingdom of God and miracles. Discover cultural dynamics and Old Testament parallels.

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Insight into 1st Century Jewish Groups and Gospel Context

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  1. Study Guide Chapters 6-8

  2. Who were the Pharisees?

  3. 1. Who were the Pharisees? The religious teachers and Rabbis

  4. 2. Who were the Sadducees?

  5. 2. Who were the Sadducees? The aristocratic nobles and political elites

  6. 3. Who were the Zealots?

  7. 3. Who were the Zealots? Revolutionaries who opposed Roman occupation (and occupation from any foreign powers)

  8. 4. Who were the Essenes?

  9. 4. Who were the Essenes? Religious separatists who left the normal confines of Jewish society

  10. 5. When was the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucids?

  11. 5. When was the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucids? 167-160 B.C.

  12. 6. Explain the Honor-Dishonor dynamic in 1st century Palestinian culture.

  13. 6. Explain the Honor-Dishonor dynamic in 1st century Palestinian culture. Honor was a claim to worth that is socially acknowledged. It can be ascribed or acquired.

  14. 7. Explain the concept of corporate personality with regards to Jesus’ authority and teaching.

  15. 7. Explain the concept of corporate personality with regards to Jesus’ authority and teaching. We have no record of Jesus attending rabbinic school. If he didn’t go to rabbinic school the Pharisees would have been very suspect of his individual training.

  16. 8. Name the synoptic gospels.

  17. 8. Name the synoptic gospels. Matthew, Mark & Luke.

  18. 9. Which gospel is traditionally held to be written first? What is one of the main reasons for this belief?

  19. 9. Which gospel is traditionally held to be written first? What is one of the main reasons for this belief? Mark, his Greek is awkward and unrefined. Matthew and Luke likely improved and edited it.

  20. 10. Who is believed to be the audience of Matthew’s gospel?

  21. 10. Who is believed to be the audience of Matthew’s gospel? Jews struggling with following Christ and Torah

  22. 11. Who is believed to be the audience of Luke’s gospel?

  23. 11. Who is believed to be the audience of Luke’s gospel? Gentiles struggling with the idea of a Jewish messiah and prophet

  24. 12. How does Jesus being baptized by John the Baptist fulfill the criterion of embarrassment?

  25. 12. How does Jesus being baptized by John the Baptist fulfill the criterion of embarrassment? If Jesus was fully divine he shouldn’t need to be baptized by John the Baptist.

  26. 13. The Sermon on the Mount parallels what Old Testament event.

  27. 13. The Sermon on the Mount parallels what Old Testament event. Moses getting the Law on Mt. Sinai in Exodus 19.

  28. 14.What two Old Testament figures are present at the Transfiguration?

  29. 14.What two Old Testament figures are present at the Transfiguration? Moses and Elijah

  30. 15. Jesus’ selection of 12 disciples parallels what unit of 12 from the Old Testament?

  31. 15. Jesus’ selection of 12 disciples parallels what unit of 12 from the Old Testament? The 12 tribes of Israel

  32. 16. What is prominent in Jesus’ Teaching about the Kingdom God?

  33. 16. What is prominent in Jesus’ Teaching about the Kingdom God? 1. God will rule through Jesus 2. Judgment will occur and some will be saved 3. The Kingdom reverses expectations 4. Kingdom will be marked by great deeds

  34. 17. What types of miracles did Jesus perform?

  35. 17. What types of miracles did Jesus perform? Nature miracles, exorcisms, physical healings

  36. 18. What is the etymology of Beelzebul?

  37. 18. What is the etymology of Beelzebul? It's a combination of the Pagan God “Ba’al” and “zebul” meaning ruler. It is the chief demon in ancient Jewish cosmology.

  38. 19. What does Parousia mean?

  39. 19. What does Parousia mean? The Second Coming of Christ when he will judge the living and the dead

  40. 20. Why does Peter want to stop Jesus from going to Jerusalem (and likely his death)?

  41. 20. Why does Peter want to stop Jesus from going to Jerusalem (and likely his death)? He was following typical Jewish messianic expectations that expected the Son of Man to rule and not die

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