Digestive and Circulatory Systems Review

1. Digestive and Circulatory Systems Review

2. Identify the 6 class of nutrients. Carbohydrates Proteins Vitamins Lipids Water Minerals

3. Explain what a food label tells you. The nutritional facts found in processed foods.

4. 1. Identify the following information for the food to the left. a. Serving size b. Total carbohydrates c. Calories d. Protein 2. How many calories would you consume if you ate 2 servings of these crackers? 2 crackers 10g 60 2g 120 calories

5. Identify each structure labeled in the diagram. oral cavity stomach gall bladder pancreas large intestine small intestine rectum

6. Where does protein digestion begin? • What is the function of F? • 3. Where are nutrients absorbed into the blood? In the stomach Absorb water In the small intestine

7. 4. What does C produce? Where does it go? 5. What is the function of G? 6. Chemical digestion is completed in this structure. 7. What type of digestion occurs in A? Pancreatic juice Goes to the small intestine store bile small intestine mechanical and chemical

8. What is the name of this process? What is its function? • Where in the digestive tract does this process occur? • peristalsis • To push food through the digestive tract esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

9. What is structure F? What is the function of this substance? • 2. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs here? • 3. What is the function of structure A? • to produce bile • liver • stomach • chemical digestion The esophagus pushes food down into the stomach using peristalsis.

10. Through which of these structures does food pass? • Which organs are not part of the gastrovascular tract? How do they aid in digestion? Esophagus (A) Small intestine (D) Stomach (B) • Liver (F) – produces bile that goes to the SI • Gall bladder (E) – stores bile • Pancreas (C) – releases pancreatic juice into SI

11. Where most chemical digestion occurs • Where chemical digestion is completed • Lined with VILLI which absorb nutrients into the blood Describe the role of the small intestine in digestion.

12. Identify the labeled organs. A- Oral cavity B - Esophagus C – Stomach D – Pancreas E - Large intestine F - Appendix G - Small intestine H – Gall bladder I - Liver

13. Through what organs does food pass? (in order) • Oral cavity • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Large intestine • Rectum • Anus • 2. In which structures does peristalsis occur? • Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

14. Where excess water reabsorbed? • 2. What occurs in structure G? • 3. What does I produce? Where does it go? • 4. This is where chemical digestion begins. • 5. This is where chemical digestion ends. Large intestine Villi absorb nutrients into blood Bile – into small intestine Oral cavity Small intestine

15. Identify organs where there is no digestion occurring. • Esophagus • Liver • Salivary glands • Pancreas • Glass bladder

16. Which part of the human blood: is the most numerous? contains a nucleus? is biconcave? is produced in the bone marrow? consists mainly of water? rbc’s wbc’s rbc’s rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets plasma

17. white blood cell Y Z red blood cell platelet Identify structures X, Y, and Z.

18. Which activity is not a function of white blood cells in response to an invasion of the body by bacteria? engulfing these bacteria producing antibodies to act against this type of bacteria preparing for future invasions of this type of bacteria speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to detect these bacteria

19. Which part of the human blood transports hormones and nutrients? plasma platelets red blood cells white blood cells

20. The breaking apart of platelets in the blood helps in the synthesis of hemoglobin formation of a clot release of antibodies deamination of amino acids

21. Cardiovascular diseases interfere most directly with the normal functioning of system?

22. Explain the difference between arteries and veins. • Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. • Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than veins. • Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than veins. • Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries do not have valves.

23. The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out of the capillary. Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur. Explain what occurs in capillaries and why.

24. glucose O2 CO2 O2 glucose glucose O2 CO2 The diagram represents a capillary near some cells. 1. Identify the substances diffusing out of the capillary and into cells. 2. Identify the substances diffusing out of cells into the capillary. CO2 O2 glucose

25. Blood normally flows from the capillaries directly into • small arteries • small veins 3. lymph vessels 4. heart atria

26. The movement of blood from the legs toward the heart is hindered by gravity. The effect of gravity is counteracted by smooth muscle in the capillaries cilia lining the blood vessels valves in the veins lymph nodes near major vessels

27. Which statement best describes arteries? They have thick walls and transport blood away from the heart. They have thick walls and transport blood toward the heart. They have thin walls and transport blood away from the heart. They have thin walls and transport blood toward the heart.

28. Identify the upper chambers of the heart. Identify the lower chambers of the heart. Identify the structures that separate the upper and lower chambers. Identify the wall that separates the right and left side of the heart. Right and left atria Right and left ventricles valves septum

29. Identify structures B, D, E, F and H. aorta left atrium right atrium left ventricle right ventricle

30. valve When blood passes through the heart from the left atrium (D) to the left ventricle (E), it must first pass through a

31. Identify the part of the heart being described. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood. Wall that separates the right and left side of the heart. Large artery that carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated blood. Left atrium Septum Aorta Right ventricle

32. 5. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood. 6. Prevents the backflow of blood between atria and ventricles. 7. Chamber that pumps out oxygenated blood. Right atrium Valves Left ventricle

33. For blood to pass through the heart from the left atrium to the left ventricle, it must first pass through an artery a valve a vein a capillary