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Music Appreciation MUSI 115

Music Appreciation MUSI 115. Class #3 The Baroque, part 2 CD #1, Tracks 9 and 10. Georg Philipp Telemann. 1681-1767. Biographical facts. Self-taught Perhaps the most prolific* composer of all More respected than Bach at the time Innovative composer

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Music Appreciation MUSI 115

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  1. Music AppreciationMUSI 115 Class #3 The Baroque, part 2 CD #1, Tracks 9 and 10

  2. Georg Philipp Telemann 1681-1767

  3. Biographical facts • Self-taught • Perhaps the most prolific* composer of all • More respected than Bach at the time • Innovative composer • Concerti* for unusual combinations of insturments

  4. TVW numbers • Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis*

  5. Trumpet Concerto, CD #1, Track 9 • Listen for… • Rhythm* is steady and predictable • Virtuoso* soloists • Extended breath phrases • Mordents* and trills*

  6. Period Instruments -- Baroque Trumpet

  7. Limitations and Advantages • Only 12 notes • Difficult to play in tune • Difficult to play consistently • Warm, rich sound

  8. Modern Trumpet (B-flat trumpet)

  9. Limitations and Advantages • Over two octave* range • Precise intonation* • Fairly easy to learn • Harsh, thin sound

  10. Johann Sebastian Bach Baroque Master

  11. Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685-1750

  12. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) • German Composer, Organist, Educator • Culminating figure of the Baroque style • Career in Northern Germany • Musical family • Organist and composer • Devout Lutheran • Secular and church patrons during career

  13. Personality • 20 children! • Only five major appointments. • Musical goals and objectives? • Work ethic.

  14. JS Bach Society Web Sites • http://www.jsbach.org/ • http://www.baroquemusic.org/bqxjsbach.html

  15. Examples of Contrapuntal* Music • Little Fugue in G minor* • Mühlausen • 31 years old • Pietist

  16. Basic Theme

  17. The Fugue and Its Devices • Fuga • Contrapuntal, based on imitation • Subject unifies the work • Choral or instrumental • Melodic lines are referred to as voices

  18. Contrapuntal* devices • Inversion* • Retrograde* • Augmentation* • Diminution* • Combinations

  19. Jail! • Much-desired position of Kapellmeister* in Weimar • Coffeehouse crowd • Subordination

  20. Well-Tempered Clavier*, Books 1&2 • Intended as only instructional and experimental pieces • Dedication • “for the use and profit of young musicians”

  21. The Well-Tempered Clavier*, Books 1 & 2 • New technique! • Equal temperament = tuning • Two pieces each in every new 24 Major and Minor keys • 24 X 2 = 48 per book • Glenn Gould

  22. Bach and the Sacred Cantata • Sacred cantatas • Composed for the Lutheran church • Multi-movement works • One unifying theme

  23. The Lutheran Chorale • Battle hymns of the Reformation • Early hymns: in unison • Later hymns: 4-part harmony, soprano melody • Unifying thread of the Protestant cantatas*

  24. Typical Work Week • Monday • Meeting with clergy • Tuesday • Composing, teaching • Wednesday • Church services 2-4 hours • Thursday • First rehearsal • Friday • Editing, rehearsing • Saturday • Final dress rehearsal • Sunday • 6-8 hours in church

  25. Typical Sunday Services • 7 AM • Motet*, hymns*, organ solo. • 8 AM • Cantata* and/or Chorale* • 9 AM • Sermon, at least one hour • 10 AM – 12 Noon • Cantata* and/or Chorale*, Communion*

  26. Weekday Services • Daily Church • 6 AM • Hospitals • Jails • Funerals • Special events

  27. Additional Duties • Church • Teaching • 9 AM – Noon • Latin, singing, composition • University collegiummusicum*

  28. Sacred Vocal Music • Over 200 church cantatas* • Four Passions* • One Catholic Mass • Why?

  29. Bach’s Cantatas * • Typically have 5–8 movements • Many movements based on chorale* tune • Several choral* numbers • Solos recitatives * arias *

  30. EinFeste Burg* A mighty fortress is our God, a bulwark never failing;Our helper He, amid the flood of mortal ills prevailing:For still our ancient foe doth seek to work us woe;His craft and power are great, and, armed with cruel hate,On earth is not his equal.

  31. Martin Luther* A Mighty Fortress Is Our God*

  32. Cantata No. 80, A Mighty Fortress Is Our God, No. 8

  33. Bach: Chorale prelude on A Mighty Fortress Is Our God* • Composed 140-plus organ chorales* • Organ with three keyboards and a pedal keyboard • Based on chorale tune Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott • Varied texture

  34. J. S. Bach and the Late Baroque Concerto* • Cöthen period (1717–23) • Instrumental chamber works • Margrave Christian of Brandenburg*

  35. But first…. • Why was Bach in Berlin?

  36. Brandenburg Concertos* 1721, BWV 1046–1051 Three movements each: • I: Allegro, • ritornello form, contrapuntal • II: Andante, • Slower, quieter, continuous imitation • III: Allegroassai, • four-voiced fugue

  37. Brandenburg Concerto* #1 • 1st Movement • 2nd Movement • 3rd Movement

  38. Cello Suite* #1 • Yo-Yo Ma playing the Prelude (MTV-ish) • Yo-Yo Ma playing the Sarabande

  39. The Goldberg Variations*, 1741, BWV 988 • 30 variations • Harpsichord • Count Kaiserling • Johann Gottlieb Goldberg You know how I feel about Wikipedia, but….

  40. Contrapuntal Master • Musical Offering* (1747) • 'Gentlemen, old Bach is here' • The Art of Fugue * • Incomplete • Encyclopedia of counterpoint • Methodical predictability

  41. Air On The G String* • CD #1, track 10 • Air* = aria* or song • Played on one string only, the last (or G) string

  42. Transpositions • German violinist August Wilhelmj (1845 – 1908) • Almost every instrument and vocalist • Julian Lloyd Webber with piano

  43. Listen for… • Steady, predictable rhythm* • Sustained melody* • Intertwining voices between the string and keyboard

  44. BWV Numbers* • Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis • Bach – Works – Numbers • Wolfgang Schmieder (1901-1990) • Genre listing • Choral • Organ • Other keyboard

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