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Music Appreciation

Music Appreciation. Class #12: Late Romanticism Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Dvorak, Elgar, Debussy. Johannes Brahms (1833-1897). Biography. Encouraged and support Hans von Bülow Robert and Clara Schumann (14 years older) Piano and Cello Conductor Earliest professional career Brothel?

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Music Appreciation

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  1. Music Appreciation Class #12: Late Romanticism Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Dvorak, Elgar, Debussy

  2. Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)

  3. Biography • Encouraged and support • Hans von Bülow • Robert and Clara Schumann (14 years older) • Piano and Cello • Conductor • Earliest professional career • Brothel? • Began composing at 11

  4. Musical Style: “War of the Romantics” • Traditionalist • Baroque and Classical techniques • Scorn and dismissal • Wagner and Liszt • Romantic • New harmonies and melodies • Admiration and devotion • Schumann and most music critics

  5. Attack of the Walkuries • Mocked by Wagner fans • Intimidated by protests and attacks • Result = • Concentration on non-Wagner forms • no operas

  6. 1st Recordings! • Thomas Alva Edison • “Hungarian Dance #1”

  7. CD#2, Track 8 • “Hungarian Dance, #3 • Listen for… • Full orchestrations • Contrapuntal techniques • Concentration on melody

  8. PeyotrIlyich Tchaikovsky1840-1893

  9. Biography • Child prodigy • Discouraged • Composed at 14 • Musical training (conservatory) • “The Five” • Conflicting musical influences • Civil service job • International success

  10. Musical style • Russian • Folk tunes • Harmonies • Rhythms • European • German form • Italian melody • French lyricism

  11. Ballet (Russian Nationalism?) • Previously inconsequential music • 2nd rate composers • Tchaikovsky elevated and expanded • Full orchestral tonality • Stand-alone quality

  12. “Romeo and Juliet” (1869) • Scandal! • Musically graphic • Violence/sex • Overture Fantasy (11:00) • Youtube.com @ 7:45

  13. Brief segue • Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953) • “Romeo and Juliet” 1935 • Arrival of the Capulets and the Montagues • Romeo and Juliet’s pas de deux • Rudolf Nureyev and Lynne Fontanne: Balcony Scene

  14. Nutcracker (1891) • Most expansive ballet score to date • Immediately popular • Critically ridiculed • “Sugar Plumb Fairy” from the Kirov Ballet

  15. Piano Concerto #1 (1875) • Van Cliburn (1934 - ) • 1st International Tchaikovsky Competition • 1958

  16. 1812 Overture(1880) • Commission • Russia’s victory over Napoleon • Orchestration • Tubular bells • 16 cannon shots on musical cue! • Carnegie Hall • Philadelphia • Seiji Ozawa and the Berlin Philharmonic @ 4:00 11:45

  17. Personal • Gay • Punishable by prison/execution • Paranoid • Married • Antonina Miliukova • Virtual stranger • Unsolicited love letter • Disastrous marriage

  18. Nadezhda von Meck • Patron, 1877-90 • Letter relationship only • Abrupt end

  19. “Bob”

  20. Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904)

  21. Biography • Born near Prague (Czech Republic) • Father was a professional Zither player • “The Third Man”1949 • Violinist, violist, organist • Father of 9 children! • Extensive travel • London • New York (327 East 17th Street) • Des Moins and Spilville, Iowa

  22. Musical Style • Eastern European Nationalism • Folk music idiom • American Negro Spiritual • Extensive repertory • Symphonies • “From The New World”: 4th Movement • Chamber music • “The American String Quartet” • Choral • Opera

  23. CD #2, Track 10 • “Slavonic Dance #1” • Listen for… • Simple rhythm • Melody suggestive of “rustic” life • Complex technical demands

  24. Sir Edward Elgar (1857-1934)

  25. Biography • Family owned a music shop • “Down time” reading and studying • Self-taught • Father was a professional organist • Early violin lessons • Music director of “Lunatic Asylum” • Passionate bicyclist/naturalist • “There is music in the air…” • 1st violinist under Dvorak

  26. British Class System • Caroline Alice Roberts • Eight years older • Daughter of a Major-General • “The care of a genius is enough of a life work for any woman!” • Important introductions • King Edward VII’s coronation: 1902 • “Pomp And Circumstance” march • Knighthood

  27. CD #2, Track 11 • “Enigma Variations” • “Dedicated to my friends pictured within…” • Each dedicated to a close personal collegaue, friend or acquaintance. • Inspired by Beethoven’s struggles • Listen for… • Soaring themes • Full use of orchestra • Simple rhythms

  28. Claude Debussy (1862-1918)

  29. Claude Monet:“Impression: Sunrise” 1872

  30. Biography • Studied piano with a former student of Chopin; • Difficult and argumentative student • Teacher of Nadezhda von Meck’s children • Judgmental of other composers • Numerous wives and children

  31. Musical Style • Deliberately avoid the sound of structure • Key signatures • Time signatures • “Floating chords”

  32. CD #2, Track 12 • “Clair de Lune” Listen for… • Orchestrations?! (“yuck!”) • Evocative • Advanced piano technique

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