First things first...

1. First things first... • Lab report submission Unit 2: Biological LOA

2. Monday’s Journal Ethical considerations of animal research in Psychology Unit 2: Biological LOA

3. Today’s learning outcome • Using one or more examples, explain effects of neurotransmission on human behaviour • Introduction to neurons and neurotransmitters Unit 2: Biological LOA

4. It is estimated that there are between __________ neurons in nervous system and neurons make ___________ connections with each other. Neurons send ___________ to the brain so that people can respond to stimuli either from environment or from internal changes in body. This is called __________. The parts of neurons that send messages are the ____________, and the parts of neurons that receive messages are the ______________. When an electrical impulse travels down the axon of the neuron, it releases _________ which then cross the gap between two neurons. The space between the dendrites of one neuron and the axon of another neuron is called the _________________. In the year __________, a man named ___________ first discovered neurotransmitters during an experiment with frog hearts. Neurotransmitters are the body’s natural _____________. They transmit information from one ___________ to another. Once the message is passed on, neurotransmitters are either broken down or reabsorbed by terminal buttons. This is called _______. Neurotransmitters shown to have a range of effects on ________ including ________ and ___________. Unit 2: Biological LOA

5. Neurons • Nerve cells, called neurons= one of building blocks of behaviour • Estimated that there are between 10 and 100 billion neurons in nervous system and neurons make 13 trillion connections with each other Unit 2: Biological LOA

6. Neurons • Neurons send electrochemical messages to brain so people can respond to stimuli either from environment or from internal changes in body • The method by which these messages are sent is called NEUROTRANSMISSION Unit 2: Biological LOA

7. A brief history... • In the year 1921, a man named Otto Loewi first discovered neurotransmitters during an experiment with two frog hearts. • He shared the Nobel Prize with researcher Henry Dale in 1936 for their findings on neurotransmission. Unit 2: Biological LOA

8. Dendrite –receives message Axon – sends message Myelin sheath – insulates axon, speeding up transmission *Dendrites detect, axons announce*

9. Neurotransmission • When an electrical impulse travels down the axon of the neuron, it releases neurotransmitters which then cross the gap between two neurons • This gap is called a synapse Unit 2: Biological LOA

10. So what IS a Neurotransmitter? • Body’s natural chemical messengers • Transmits information from one neuron to another • Stored in the neurons’ terminal buttons • After crossing the synapse, neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the post-synaptic membrane, like a key in a lock • Once the message is passed on, neurotransmitters are either broken down or reabsorbed by terminal buttons. This is called reuptake. Unit 2: Biological LOA

11. Information flow through neurons Unit 2: Biological LOA

12. Neurotransmission Unit 2: Biological LOA

13. Neurotransmitters and behaviour • Neurotransmitters shown to have a range of effects on human behaviour • Neurotransmission lies beneath behaviours as varied as mood, memory, sexual arousal and mental illness Unit 2: Biological LOA

14. Watch the video on Neurotransmitters Take notes as you watch Unit 2: Biological LOA

15. Today’s Journal Entry Create and label your own diagram for the information flow through the neuron This can either be a simple flow chart or an illustration of a neuron Unit 2: Biological LOA

16. Next session • We will be looking at the effects of neurotransmission on behaviour Unit 2: Biological LOA