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Learn about space travel, spacecraft, moon missions, the International Space Station, and the future of space exploration. Discover the evolution of spacesuits and the challenges of long-distance space travel. Find out how flybys have allowed us to explore distant planets.

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  1. 1-3 notes Spacecraft

  2. Think about • How do objects look from different distances?

  3. near earth • Space travel requires very careful planning.

  4. near earth • Astronauts must take everything with them-food, water, and even air!

  5. near earth • Spacecraft need powerful rockets and huge fuel tanks to lift all their weight up against Earth’s gravity. • Final launch of space shuttle Discovery: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnoNITE-CLc

  6. near earth • The equipment used for space travel must be well designed because a breakdown can be fatal.

  7. Apollo 13, April 1970 • Third mission meant to land on the moon. • Oxygen tank exploded 2 days into the mission, damaging the spacecraft. • Crew had to use the Moon’s gravity to slingshot back to Earth. • All 3 crew members survived but the mission failed • “Houston, we’ve had a problem” –Jack Swigert

  8. Challenger Space Shuttle disaster, 1986 • Space shuttle exploded shortly after liftoff, on live television. • Cold weather caused important “O-ring” seals to fail. • All 7 crew members were killed.

  9. Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster, 2003 • Space shuttle Columbia broke apart when re-entering Earth’s atmosphere. • Caused by debris shed by the shuttle. • All 7 crew members were killed.

  10. near earth • Space is a very different environment compared to Earth. • People and objects float freely unless fastened down. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVxaL8CAO4M

  11. The Evolution of the spacesuit • 1935-Designed by B.F. Goodrich

  12. The Evolution of the spacesuit • XMC-2 Suit, by David Clark Company • Used in 1955

  13. The Evolution of the spacesuit • MC-2 Suit • Became the basis for many future U.S. space suits

  14. The Evolution of the spacesuit • MK-IV Suit worn by Alan Shepherd, the first American in space, 1961.

  15. The Evolution of the spacesuit • Neil Armstrong in the G2-C, used for early testing for lunar missions.

  16. The Evolution of the spacesuit • G4-C Spacesuit, worn in the first U.S. spacewalk by Ed White, 1965.

  17. The Evolution of the spacesuit • Buzz Aldrin on the moon in the A7L suit, 1969.

  18. The Evolution of the spacesuit • Gene Cernan on the moon in the A7LB suit, 1972.

  19. The Evolution of the spacesuit • Launch Entry Suit, aka “Pumpkin” Suit by David Clark Company, 1988-1994

  20. The Evolution of the spacesuit • Advanced Crew Escape Suit, first used 1994

  21. The Evolution of the spacesuit • Z-1 Prototype Suit

  22. Moon missions • In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite called Sputnik. • Satellite: an object that orbits a more massive object.

  23. Moon missions • The Soviet Union was also the first to send a human into space, Yuri Gagarin, in 1961.

  24. Moon missions • In the 1960’s, space exploration was focused on a race to the Moon, driven by the rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

  25. Moon missions • The U.S. succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon in 1969.

  26. Moon missions • Preparation • NASA sent spacecraft without crews to the moon to see if a landing was possible. • Astronauts were also sent to space to practice important procedures.

  27. Moon missions • Landings • NASA’S missions to the moon were called Apollo • Apollo 11 was the first successful landing of humans on the moon. • 1969-1972 resulted in 5 more successful Moon landings.

  28. Orbiting earth • A space station is a satellite where people can live and work for long periods. • After the Soviet Union fell apart, the Russian Space Agency and NASA started working together on Mir, the Russian space station.

  29. Orbiting Earth • Construction of the International Space Station began in 1998 between 15 nations. • Astronauts first boarded in 2000. • Scientists conduct experiments aboard the station.

  30. Orbiting Earth • Since 2000, the ISS has been continuously manned for more than 16 years. • There are currently 6 astronauts on board, led by US astronaut Shane Kimbrough as Commander. • http://iss.astroviewer.net/

  31. Orbiting earth • Most crews have flown to the ISS in space shuttles, which could be used again and again to transport scientists to and from the ISS.

  32. Spacecraft carry instruments to other worlds • We have not sent humans to other planets-yet. • Most research in space has been accomplished through the use of spacecraft with no crew-robotics.

  33. NASA has a manned mission to Mars scheduled for the 2030’s which means… • The first person to walk on Mars is probably between 12-18 years old right now!

  34. flybys • A flyby sends a spacecraft to fly past one or more planets or other objects in space. • The planet’s gravity can be used to change its speed or direction.

  35. flybys • Voyager 1 flew past Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune after launching in 1977. • It is the farthest traveling man-made object, about 20,500,000,000 km from Earth as of 12/16. • It will continue to transmit until 2025.

  36. flybys • On board Voyager 1 is the Golden Record, containing music, sounds, images, and greetings from Earth to any intelligent life in the galaxy, should they exist and come across our spacecraft.

  37. orbiters • An orbiter is designed to study a planet over a long period of time by orbiting it.

  38. orbiters • Orbiters allow scientists to make detailed maps of planets and moons

  39. Landers and probes • A lander is designed to land on a planet’s surface. • Images taken by a lander can show the actual surface of the planet or object.

  40. Landers and probes • Spacecraft have been successfully landed on:

  41. Landers and probes • Venus (USSR, 1970)

  42. Landers and probes • Mars (US, 1976)

  43. Landers and probes • Eros Asteroid (US, 2001)

  44. Landers and probes • Titan, Moon of Saturn (European Space Agency, 2005)

  45. Landers and probes • Comet 67P (European Space Agency, 2014)

  46. Landers and probes • A probe drops into a planet’s atmosphere to study its gases. • Probes are important for studying the atmospheres of giant planets like Jupiter.

  47. review • What was the goal of the Apollo program? • To view Earth from Space. • To explore the Sun. • To explore the Moon. • To explore other planets.

  48. review 2. Which type of mission produces detailed maps of a planet? • Flyby • Orbiter • Lander • Probe

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