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RESEARCH PAPERS. 2014. DEADLINES & REQUIREMENTS. PHASE I: RESEARCHING 1 Introduction Day in Library (Tuesday) 4 In-Class Research Days 5 Sources with Notes Round 1: 2 Notesheets due Round 2: 5 Notesheets due (3 new/2 old fixed). PHASE II: ORGANIZING Bibliography
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RESEARCH PAPERS • 2014
DEADLINES & REQUIREMENTS PHASE I: RESEARCHING • 1 Introduction Day in Library (Tuesday) • 4 In-Class Research Days • 5 Sources with Notes • Round 1: 2 Notesheets due • Round 2: 5 Notesheets due (3 new/2 old fixed) PHASE II: ORGANIZING • Bibliography • Thesis Statements • Preliminary Outlines • Organizing Notes • Final Outlines PHASE III: WRITING • Outlines to Paragraphs • Making an Argument/Analyzing Facts • Rough Drafts • Final Drafts
Notesheet Check List: Source Citation in MLA format at the top - Author’s last name, first name In-Text Citation at the end of each note (quotes & paraphrases). Each note has quotation marks where necessary • Fagan, Jeffrey. "Deterrence Studies Are Inconsistent and Unscientific." Current Controversies: • Capital Punishment. Ed. Paul Connors. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints • Resource Center. Gale. Parkland Senior High School Library. 9 Feb. 2010 • <http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do.com> • “Costs of obtaining convictions and executions in capital cases range from $2.5 to $5 million dollars per case (in current dollars), compared to less than $1 million for each killer sentenced to life without parole”(Fagan). • 2) “Between 1965-1980, where few executions took place, the number of annual murders in the U.S. increased by 131 percent”(Fagan). • *REMEMBER: If there is NO AUTHOR, put the title as the in-text citation. • Ex. “Between 1965-1980 it increased by 131 percent”(“Deterrence Studies Are…”). (pg. 8-10)
“MLA CITATIONS” & FINAL PAPER Paper Excerpt …. Americans need to consider that“In 2009, the average four-year college graduate owed $24,000 in student-loan debt” (Bass).That's sustainable if a student leaves school with a degree in a high-demand field like nursing or engineering since they pay decent salaries right from the start. However, liberal arts majors tend to have a harder time finding jobs and often spend the first year, if not more, of post-college life waiting tables. These minimum wage jobs do not provide enough income to begin paying off student loans. Bibliography Bass, DavidN. "The Millennial Generation Lacks a Strong Work Ethic." The Millennial Generation. Ed. David Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Diapers for 26-Year-Olds." American Spectator (11 Oct. 2011). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
BIBLIOGRAPHY (pg. 8-10) •Begin your bibliography list on a SEPARATE page from the text of the essay. (This page is NOT included in the 5-7 requirement.). • Label and center the word Bibliography at the top of the page. *DO NOT underline it or put it in quotation marks. • Double space all entries. • Do NOT skip spaces between entries. • Indent all additional lines (except the first) 1 inch for each source. • Alphabetize: Sources should be listed alphabetically by author (or title if there is no author listed)
BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGE A separate page at the end of a text that lists all of the sources used for research in an alphabetical, indented list using MLA format. (PG. 8-10 IN PACKET) • NOTE: The first word for each source should be either: • author’s last name • or the • Title of the work if there is no author.
BIBLIOGRAPHY HELP • PACKET: pgs. 8-10 • NOODLE TOOLS: http://noodletools.com/login.php • Parkland pays for it… password on pg. 12 • EASY BIB: http://www.easybib.com/ • You may have to pay or sign-up? MLA FORMAT IS A MUST!!
RESEARCH: ROUND 2 • We will have one last research day in class on Monday. • After that, you will be required to find it on your own.. • NEXT DUE DATE:Wednesday (2/5) • 5 Notesheets minimum • 2 original EDITED + 2 new ones • Bibliography (TYPED) • GRADED ON: Completion, Format, and Quality of notes!
OUTLINING • How to develop an argument through outlining and organizing notes.
PAPER SKELETON Starting a Preliminary Outline • I. INTRODUCTION • II. BODY OF YOUR PAPER- • GOAL: to convince the reader that you answered the question or solved the problem that you set for youreself. • LENGTH: Can be as many paragraphs as you need/want • MUST INCLUDE: • WHY this is a problem • HOW you want to solve it • III. CONCLUSION PG. 15
Thesis Statements (pg. 13-14) One persuasive, yet academic sentence that lays out what will be discussed throughout the entire paper. It should follow your preliminary outline’s main topics(NOT the sub-topics). It should also avoid first person and vague language PROBLEM + SOLUTION (WHAT? FOR WHO? WHY?) (WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO ABOUT IT? WHO DO YOU WANT TO DO SOMETHING?) WHAT you plan to argue + HOW/WHY you plan to argue it (Specific Topic) + (Argument) + (Conditions if necessary)
PRELIMINARY OUTLINE Getting Started PG. 15-16 • Write a preliminary outlinelisting all of the topics you believe you will address in your paper. Put them in the order you think you will bring them up. To decide if it’s significant enough to mention, make sure you can come up with at least major focus points that include 2 sub-sections each. These must be labeled as topics, NOT paragraph 1, 2,3… • Example: • I. Steroids have a negative health effect • A. Physical effects (short/long term) • B. Psychological/Emotional effects (short/long term) • STUCK? • Think about titles for each section/sub-section.
PRELIMINARY OUTLINE Option A Option B
PRELIM OUTLINING Sample of a Web with MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS PROBLEM: LEGALIZE RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA A. LIMIT LEGAL ISSUES B. HELP ECONOMY 1) Provides new jobs for Americans 2) Less crowding in jails 1) Less Arrests, so cops can focus on other issues 2) Lower taxes NOTE: The solution is not a major topic… that’s okay. It can be saved for the conclusion.
PRELIM OUTLINING Sample of a Web with more sub-topics PROBLEM: LEGALIZE RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA A. LIMIT LEGAL ISSUES B. HELP ECONOMY C. SAFER PRODUCT 1) Provides new jobs for Americans 1) Less Arrests, so cops can focus on other issues 2) Less crowding in jails 2) Lower taxes 3) Circulate Money NOTE: The solution is not a major topic in this particular web… that’s okay. It can be saved for the conclusion.
PRELIM OUTLINING Sample of a Traditional Outline ARGUMENT: Steroids should be banned in high school sports. • I. THEY HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE BODY • Physical • Emotional/ Psychological • II. THEY GIVE UNFAIR ADVANTAGES • Strength/Speed • Unnatural • III. CURRENT REGULATIONS/TESTS IN HIGH SCHOOL • Current Rules and Penalties in PA • Why this isn’t working • States where it is regulated and working • IV. SOLUTION - TEST ALL STUDENT ATHLETES
GIRLS HAVE POOR BODY IMAGE BECAUSE OF THE MEDIA • I. Media’s focus too much on looks for teenage girls • A. Beauty Tips • B. Hot vs. Not Comparisons • C. Scrutiny of normal body types/flaws • II. Media Images are Unrealistic and Made-up • A. Hair/Make-Up Stylists • B. Ads/Pictures digitally touched up/airbrushed • C. Clothes pinned for sizing • D. Lighting set to hide flaws • E. Poses emphasize assests / hide flaws • III. Images create Poor Body Images and Eating Disorders in Teens • Magazines push Unhealthy Diet Tips - Ex. “How to lose 12 lbs in 2 weeks” • B. View Models/Celebrities as role models • IV. Negative Effects these disorders have • A. Unhealthy Lifestyle • B. Poor Self-Esteem • C. Poor Body Image • V. Solution - Censor Media • Models should have weight requirements • Photoshopping should be limited • C. Prohibit or limit diet/weight stories and tips *NOTE: You still need 2 main areas with 2 sub-topics each.
ENFORCE GUN CONTROL LAWS LEAVE BLANK / SKIP FOR NOW! WHY: Our right to bear arms SOL: Enforce background checks better WHY: Benefit economy Const. gives us the right Right to protect ourselves Less chance of crimes Good laws exist now Help Economy
LEAVE BLANK / SKIP FOR NOW! MINIMUM REQ. MINIMUM REQ.
Thesis Statements (pg. 13-14) One persuasive, yet academic sentence that lays out what will be discussed throughout the entire paper. It should follow your preliminary outline’s main topics(NOT the sub-topics). It should also avoid first person and vague language PROBLEM + SOLUTION (WHAT? FOR WHO? WHY?) (WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO ABOUT IT? WHO DO YOU WANT TO DO SOMETHING?) WHAT you plan to argue + HOW/WHY you plan to argue it (Specific Topic) + (Argument) + *(Conditions if necessary)
GOOD THESIS STATEMENTS TOPIC 1: Exorcism ARGUMENT/THESIS: If traditional ways to treat seemingly psychotic patients fail and those patients possess symptoms of possession, an exorcism should be attempted in a controlled environment by a certified priest as a last resort to aid the afflicted. (Major topics in prelim outline!)
GOOD THESIS STATEMENTS TOPIC: Stem Cell ARGUMENT/THESIS: The government should support and fund adult stem cell research because the potential stem cell research holds for the health and quality of life for mankind is nothing short of spectacular. *NOTE: It’s okay that they didn’t mention “not embryonic” because that is assumed when you push for “adult.” (Major topics in prelim outline!)
THESIS STATEMENTS THAT NEED A LITTLE HELP • Marijuana should be legalized. (Okay, so…? There is a stance, BUT there is NO specific information to support it or a reason why it should be legalized.) • Air pollution has a negative effect on the environment in many different ways. (VAGUE-CITY!!! The words “negative effect” and”many different ways” could mean a number of different things. Be specific. Being specific up front will also help make sure your paper is a manageable size for you to research and write about.)
THESIS STATEMENTS THAT NEED A LITTLE HELP • Eating disorders are common in athletes, with jockeys being one of the most well known. You must take a stance on an issue. This would simply be an informational paper about eating disorders, which I don’t want. There should be ideas of your own as well as an analysis of other peoples’ ideas in the paper.)
THESIS:Drug testing should occur in sports at the high schoollevel because performance enhancement drugs are harmful to a teenager’s body and they give athletes an unfair advantage. • EFFECTS OF STEROIDS ON THE BODY • Physical • Emotional/ Psychological • UNFAIR ADVANTAGES • Strength/Speed • Unnatural • STATES THAT CURRENTLY REGULATE/TEST • Current Penalties • Why this isn’t working • SOLUTION PRELIM OUTLINE TOTHESIS STATEMENTS
STARTING A THESIS SAMPLE OUTLINE FOR LEGALIZING RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA • Limit legal issues • Less arrests for cops • Less crowding in jail • Help Economy • Circulate money • Create Jobs • Lower Taxes • SOLUTION: Legalize it PRELIM OUTLINE:Look at your prelim outline to get an idea of what you’re planning on discussing in your paper. Try to group similar topics together WRITE A THESIS:Think about the generalizations you made for similar topics. Then, write a ONE SENTENCE thesis that includes your stance, those topics, and a solution. THESIS:
STARTING A THESIS PRELIM OUTLINE:Look at your prelim outline to get an idea of what you’re planning on discussing in your paper. Try to group similar topics together WRITE A THESIS:Think about the generalizations you made for similar topics. Then, write a ONE SENTENCE thesis that includes your stance, those topics, and a solution. THESIS STARTERS: • _(Solution)_ because _(why a problem)_. • Since _(why a problem) , _(solution needed)_. SAMPLE FOR LEGALIZING RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA • Limit legal issues • Less arrests for cops • Less crowding in jail • Help Economy • Circulate money • Create Jobs • Lower Taxes • SOLUTION: Legalize it THESIS:Marijuana should be legalized in the United States in order to limit current legal issues and help boost the economy.
STARTING A THESIS Prelim Outline for “Body Image of Women”: • Young girls see unrealistically thin women as beautiful • Models pictures are not real (air brushed, make-up, pins, photo-shop) • Young girls develop eating disorders to look like that • Young girls have self-esteem issues • SOLUTION: Models should have weight limits or regulations and ban photo touch-ups PRELIM OUTLINE:Look at your prelim outline to get an idea of what you’re planning on discussing in your paper. Try to group similar topics together WRITE A THESIS:Think about the generalizations you made for similar topics. Then, write a ONE SENTENCE thesis that includes your stance, those topics, and a solution. THESIS: The modeling industry should have weight limit regulations for its models and ban photo touch-ups because overly thin models are encouraging young girls to develop dangerous eating disorders and low self-esteem.
Thesis Statements (pg. 13-14) One persuasive, yet academic sentence that lays out what will be discussed throughout the entire paper. It should follow your preliminary outline’s main topics(NOT the sub-topics). It should also avoid first person and vague language PROBLEM + SOLUTION (WHAT? FOR WHO? WHY?) (WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO ABOUT IT? WHO DO YOU WANT TO DO SOMETHING?) WHAT you plan to argue + HOW/WHY you plan to argue it (Specific Topic) + (Argument) + (Conditions if necessary)
ARGUMENT: Girls have poor body image because of media’s perception of women • I. Media’s focus too much on looks for teenage girls • A. Beauty Tips • B. Hot vs. Not Comparisons • C. Scrutiny of normal body types/flaws • II. Media Images are Unrealistic and Made-up • A. Hair/Make-Up Stylists • B. Ads/Pictures digitally touched up/airbrushed • C. Clothes pinned for sizing • D. Lighting set to hide flaws • E. Poses emphasize assests / hide flaws • III. Images create Poor Body Images and Eating Disorders in Teens • Magazines push Unhealthy Diet Tips - Ex. “How to lose 12 lbs in 2 weeks” • B. View Models/Celebrities as role models • IV. Negative Effects these disorders have • A. Unhealthy Lifestyle • B. Poor Self-Esteem • C. Poor Body Image • V. Solution - Censor Media • Models should have weight requirements • Photoshopping should be limited • C. Prohibit or limit diet/weight stories and tips
Thesis: Magazines should be censored because they focus too much on unrealistic looks, which is driving young girls to dangerous dieting and having poor body images. • I. Media’s focus too much on looks for teenage girls • A. Beauty Tips • B. Hot vs. Not Comparisons • C. Scrutiny of normal body types/flaws • II. Media Images are Unrealistic and Made-up • A. Hair/Make-Up Stylists • B. Ads/Pictures digitally touched up/airbrushed • C. Clothes pinned for sizing • D. Lighting set to hide flaws • E. Poses emphasize assests/hide flaws • III. Images create Poor Body Images and Eating Disorders in Teens • A. Unhealthy Diet Tips - Ex. “How to lose 12 lbs in 2 weeks” • B. View Models/Celebrities as role models • IV. Negative Effects • A. Unhealthy Lifestyle • B. Poor Self-Esteem • C. Poor Body Image • V. Solution - Censor Media • A. Models should have weight requirements • B. Less popular diets discussed • C. Less diet/weight stories and tips
Fagan, Jeffrey. "Deterrence Studies Are Inconsistent and Unscientific." Current Controversies: • Capital Punishment. Ed. Paul Connors. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints • Resource Center. Gale. Parkland Senior High School Library. 9 Feb. 2010 • <http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do.com> • “Costs of obtaining convictions and executions in capital cases range from $2.5 to $5 million dollars per case (in current dollars), compared to less than $1 million for each killer sentenced to life without parole”(Fagan). • 2) “Between 1965-1980, where few executions took place, the number of annual murders in the U.S. increased by 131 percent”(Fagan). • *REMEMBER: If there is NO AUTHOR, put the title as the in-text citation. • Ex. “Between 1965-1980… increased by 131 percent”(“Deterrence Studies Are…”). Notesheet Check List: • Source Citation in MLA format at the top • - Author’s last name, first name • In-Text Citation at the end of each note (quotes & paraphrases). • Each note has quotation marks where necessary
BIBLIOGRAPHY CHECK LIST: • Label and center the word Bibliography at the top of the page. • Double space all entries • Do NOT skip spaces between entries. • Indent all additional lines (after the first) 1 inch for each source. • ALPHABETIZE: Sources should be listed alphabetically by whatever comes first - author or title if there is no author listed
SCHEDULE Meeting deadlines THIS WEEK:- THURSDAY: 5 Notesheets min. & typed BibliographyNEXT WEEK: - Final Outlines (*Key to a good paper!)
Thesis Statements PROBLEM + SOLUTION (WHAT? FOR WHO? WHY?) (WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO ABOUT IT? WHO DO YOU WANT TO DO SOMETHING?)
SOLUTION: Legalize same-sex marriage in PA WHY: 1) EQUAL RIGHTS/DISCRIMINATION - based on love, not religion - popular 2) LEGAL BENEFITS - taxes - health care/insurance THESIS:All couples, including same-sex couples, must have the right to marry in PennsylvaniaBECAUSEmarriage is a non-religious union based on love that also gives several legal benefits to Americans, such as healthcare. PAPER SKELETON • Starting a Preliminary Outline
Thesis Statements & Outlines STANDARDIZED TESTS: • Current tests are biased • Minority are at a disadvantage • Poor at a disadvantage (can’t pay for tutor/classes) • Current tests do not represent learning potential • Different learning styles • Do not account for creativity • Students may crack under pressure/time SAMPLE THESIS: A more objective and less biased standardized test would better predict an individual’s academic achievement BECAUSE current standardized tests are a poor indication of a student’s current and future success.
THESIS STATEMENTS A FINAL LOOK • HOW CAN WE FIX THESE? • FORUMULA = PROBLEM + SOLUTION + REASONS/CONDITIONS • Even though video games are getting more realistic as technology progresses, video games should not be to blame as the cause of aggression in people who play them. Thousands and thousands of people play them, but you don’t see them just running around stabbing people. Parents should do their job and we have to follow the ratings out there. • Even though people hate and protest animal testing, it still happens all over the world, it’s inaccurate and the ways they treat animals are cruel.
BIBLIOGRAPHY (pg. 7) • Begin your bibliography list on a SEPARATE page from the text of the essay. (This page is NOT included in the 5-7 requirement.). • Label and center the word Bibliography at the top of the page. *DO NOT underline it or put it in quotation marks. • Double space all entries. • Do NOT skip spaces between entries. • Indent all additional lines (except the first) 1 inch for each source. • Alphabetize: Sources should be listed alphabetically by author (or title if there is no author listed)
Final Outlines • 1. Organize research from notesheets according to the subtopics of your • preliminary outline. • * Begin by numbering/color coding the notes on notesheets by • subtopic • * REMEMBER: You do NOT have to use all of your research. • Some of it will be irrelevant. • 2. Write a detailed final outline by inserting your now organized research • under each subtopic. • 3. Must be typed AND include in-text citations. • DUE: VALENTINE’S DAY • *You have Thurs, Fri, Mon in class to type!
I.Intro: a.Thesis Statement: American farmers are prohibited by law from growing a low-input, sustainable crop common in Europe and Canada with tremendous economic potential: industrial hemp, which needs to be changed immediately. II.Body a.Hemp is historically useful. i. Ancient uses ii.”Hemp for Victory”Video – Promotion for war time b.Hemp is economically friendly. i. Paper, ii.Biofuels, iii.Body care, iv..Automobile Industry c.The government/big business slander hemp, so we need to amend the laws. i.Distinguish Hemp/Marijuana ii.Laws/Legislations passed wrongly against it iii.Will not affect drug testing d.It is hindering to the economy not to use hemp – We should allow the USA to take part in this market. i.Farmers excluded from profitable market the rest of the world uses ii.Hypocritical to allow imports of hemp products but not production/exports III.CONCLUSION NOTES 1)After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the government actually promoted and subsidized the growth of hemp to help in the war effort (“Hemp for Victory:). 2)”The USDA produced a film called Hemp for Victory to encourage US farmers to grow hemp for the war effort. The US government formed War Hemp Industries and subsidized hemp cultivation They subsidized over 1million acres” (Smith, 14). 3)”The Columbia History of the World states that the oldest relic of human industry is a bit of hemp fabric dating back to approximately 8,000 B.C.” (Smith, 22). 4)“C-class Mercedes-Benz automobiles have more than 30 parts made of natural fibers, including hemp” (“Vote Hemp” 5) 5)Most hemp body care products are high in Omega - 3, Omega - 6 and all 20 Essential, AminoAcids 9 of which the human body does not produce. (“Hip, Hot”, 9) 6)”From the first plantings in Jamestown when it was illegal not to grow hemp, to our founding fathers’ hemp plantations, to the hemp sails and riggings of the clipper ships that sailed the 19th century seas, to the hemp canvas-covered wagons of the pioneers headed west, to the sturdy hemp Levi’s pants of the original 49ers seeking their fortunes in the California hills, to the massive Hemp for Victory government programs of WWII, hemp has developed a long and illustrious history in America” (“Vote Hemp” 5). 7)The Declaration of Independence was written on hemp paper and the finest bibles still printed on hemp-based paper (“Hip, Hot” 2) 8) DEA Harry Anslinger propelled anti-marijuna campaigns nationwide in order to eliminate competition to his friend William Hearst’s oil company (Smith, 64). Final Outlines
Final Outlines( Prelim Outline sections /facts from notesheets ) • Young girls are developing eating disorders because they want to look like the models in magazines.A.Beauty messages from magazines1.“In our modern-day western culture, advertisements and mass media messages say women must be as thin as the models they see in magazines and on television; thin is healthy; thinness brings happiness, excitement, success, and fulfillment” (Renes).B.Young girls are literally dying to be beautiful1 “Our teen and adult magazines, books, movies, and • advertisements preach the gospel of thinness, while at the same time, 50 percent of our 9-year-olds are dieting and the number of reported eating disorders has never been higher” (Renes). 2.“Research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air- brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem, and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls” according to a study done at NYU (Beauty and Body Image in the Media).
THESIS STATEMENTS~Match them to you Outlines~ • Drug testing should occur in sports at the high school level because performance enhancement drugs are harmful to a teenager’s body and they give athletes an unfair advantage. • Even though the traditional way of educational scheduling is working, year round schooling is more beneficial to students due to higher grades earned, less absenteeism, and more frequent, refreshing breaks for the students. • With the exception of preventing serious genetic diseases, genetically designing babies should be illegal in the United States because it is unethical and unfair to the rest of the human race. • REMEMBER • Be persuasive and clearly define a stance! • Be strong and demanding! • Have general categories for reasons… this is not a 5-paragraph essay! • Must match your prelim outline! • It often helps to put your position/stance before your reasons. • See pgs. 13-14
SAT Warm-Up • A native New Yorker, David Chang’s first restaurant Momofuku Noodle is in the East Village. • Angela told Melissa and me to meet her at the club. • When Hannah returns home from work, she makes herself a sandwich, watches her favorite show, and then she will check her personal email.
FINAL OUTLINES General Suggestions • In-text citations • Quotation marks around titles Ex. (“Bullying and…”) • Period AFTER in-text Ex. “blah blah” (Author). • Introduce people • If a quote says “I” or a person’s name, you need to introduce who it is in order to give them credit • If you have 6-10 quotes/facts in a section, break it down into 2 or three sub-sections in order to help with the flow of facts. • If you have a quote within a quote • “Martin Luther King famously said, ‘I have a dream’ in his speech” (author). • Your outline must match your thesis!
NOW, YOU TRY! • Pretend we’re doing a research paper on the POSITIVE IMPACT ROBOTS HAVE ON LIFE. • Read this article on Boilerplate during World War I. While you’re reading, take notes on what you think would be important to include in your paper. http://www.bigredhair.com/boilerplate/index.ht ml
~BAD SOURCES~BOILERPLATE WAS NEVER REAL! • THE CITATIONS: • Bennett, Anina and Paul Guinan. “Boilerplate: History’s Mechanical Marvel.”Big Red Hair. 2010. Web 12 Jan. 2010. <http://www.bigredhair.com/boilerplate/soldier/bp.ww1.html>. • FACTUAL INFORMATION: • The term robot was not invented until 1921 when Karel Capek coined the term in the play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). The term comes from the word "robota," which is a Czech term for forced labor. It wasn’t until 1954 that George Devol created the Unimate, an industrial robotic arm that lifts hot metal and stacks it.