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Research Papers

Research Papers. What is research?. Research means to “search again.”. Research Papers. Why do we research?. Purpose of Research. 1. find existing facts and/or opinions from a variety of sources. 2. Present them to support an opinion you have developed.

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Research Papers

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  1. Research Papers What is research?

  2. Research means to “search again.”

  3. Research Papers Why do we research?

  4. Purpose of Research 1. find existing facts and/or opinions from a variety of sources 2. Present them to support an opinion you have developed

  5. Research Papers What are the steps to GOOD research?

  6. 1. NOTE TAKING * Includes keeping a “working” bibliography Include 4 sources: 1. Encyclopedias2. Books3. Articles4. Internet *other

  7. 2. Sorting * Separate significant from insignificant data *LOOK for EMERGING THEMES

  8. 3. Write the Thesis Sentence * Create your outline from the format Main Topic and at least 3 subtopics

  9. Research Papers What is plagiarism?

  10. Plagiarism is copying or using another person's work (ideas as well as exact words) as if it were your own. IT IS STEALING! *includes pictures, graphics, videos, sound recordings, or information derived from the internet, as well as books and magazines.. You must always give credit to the author through appropriate citations. (Anyone plagiarizing will face severe penalties; plagiarized work will not be accepted, and you will get no credit for it.)

  11. YOUR RESEARCH PAPER Person who has made a significant contribution in their area TOPIC? THESIS?

  12. What is NOTE TAKING? * Includes keeping a “working” bibliography Compiling ONLY important facts about your topic

  13. NOTE TAKING Why do I have 4colors of note cards?

  14. Each color represents one of the four research sources! *Pink =Articles *Blue= Encyclopedias *Yellow =Books *White =Internet

  15. Important Facts for Note Taking ALWAYS: Summarize- record the facts, do not use complete sentence Paraphrase- restate the author's ideas in your own words When using Direct quotations - record exactly the words of the original source. Use quotation marks.

  16. Steps for Note Taking 1. Write the code of the corresponding bibliography card in the upper right-hand corner of the index card. 2. Write guide word(s) or main idea in the upper left-hand corner of the index card. 3.As you read, find facts and opinions to support the main idea for your final paper.

  17. Steps for Note Taking 4. Decide whether to paraphrase, summarize, or directly quote each piece of the information. 5. Make sure to write the exact page number in the lower left-hand corner from where you have taken information.. 6.Write phrases to save time. Do not write sentences. You do not have to use every piece of information in your research.Remember, some of the information you find will not be useful.

  18. NOTECARD EXAMPLE Topic Heading Library Call Number GT 2869.M56 Sugar Comes to the New World Student’s Summary Comments (setting a context for quoted material) Sugarcane brought by Columbus in 1493. First grown in Santo Domingo. “it was Spain that pioneered sugar cane, sugar making, African slave labor and plantation from In the Americas” p . 256 1

  19. Steps for Working Bibliography 1.You will need a separate 3" x 5” index card for each source you plan to use. 2. Assign a different code letter for each source you plan to use. Put a code letter in the upper right-hand corner of your index card. This code letter will eventually connect to your note cards. 3. Write a bibliography card for each source you have found, using the correct format.

  20. Steps for Working Bibliography 4.At the bottom of each card, write where you found the source (i.e., school or public library, book store, at home). This will save you from taking extra trip back to the library.

  21. Bibliography Example Library Call Number Topic Heading GT 2869.M56 Sugar Comes to the New World Sidney W. Mintz The Place of Sugar in Modern History New York: Penguin Books, 1985, p.32 1

  22. The Thesis Statement After you have selected your topic, you must write a thesis statement. Athesis statement is like a topic sentence because it states the main idea of your paper, but it says much more. Athesis statement must include a specific idea or position that will be proven and supported. It is a single arguable statement, which you will support and defend in your paper.

  23. Thesis StatementExamples Fact: Lasers are a new chronological advance. Thesis:The greatest advances in medicine in the past ten years have been in the field of laser surgery.

  24. Thesis StatementExamples Fact: The Black Death was the cause of many deaths in the Middle Ages. Thesis:The advent of the Black Death was a major cause of the decline of feudalism because it led to the development of cities and a middle class.

  25. Thesis StatementExamples Fact: Many teenagers smoke today. Thesis: Cigarette advertisements encourage smoking among adolescents.

  26. REMEMBER: Write a THESIS STATEMENT…NOT FACTS!

  27. What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT! Your TOPIC cannot serve as the thesis statement! SUBJECT: Black Death, Cigarette ads

  28. What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT! A SENTENCE FRAGMENT cannot serve as the thesis statement! PHRASE: what improvements lasers have had on modern life

  29. What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT! A QUESTION cannot serve as the thesis statement! QUESTION: Do cigarette ads encourage smoking among adolescents?

  30. What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT! An answer to a QUESTION may become a thesis statement! THESIS: Cigarette ads encourage smoking among adolescents.

  31. What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT! NONSPECIFIC words create a weak thesis statement! WEAK: Lasers are an important technological development.

  32. What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT! NONSPECIFIC words create a weak thesis statement! THESIS: The greatest advance in medicine in the past ten years has been in the field of laser surgery.

  33. What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT! A VAGUE or BROAD thesis will make the research process difficult!

  34. WEAK:There are many different cigarette ads. THESIS: Many cigarette companies target teenagers and encourage them to smoke through attractive and appealing advertising.

  35. Book by 1 Author BIBLIOGRAPHY Author Book Title Faber, Doris. We the People: The Story of the United States Constitution Since l787. New York: Scribners, 1987. Year Place of Publication Publisher

  36. Book by 2 Authors BIBLIOGRAPHY Authors Book Title Friendly, Fred, and Elliot, Martha. The Constitution: That Delicate Balance. New York: Perennial Library, 1987. Publisher Year Place of Publication

  37. Book by Editor or Compiler BIBLIOGRAPHY Editor Book Title Garraty, John A., ed.Quarrels That Have Shaped the Constitution. New York: Perennial Library, 1987. Place of Publication Publisher Year

  38. Book by An Association or Institution BIBLIOGRAPHY Association American Library Association. Young Adult Services Division. Directions for Library Services to Young Adults. Chicago: American Library Association, 1978. Title Place of Publication Publisher Year

  39. Book without Author BIBLIOGRAPHY Book Title We the People: The Story of the United States Constitution Since l787. New York: Scribners, 1987. Place of Publication Publisher Year

  40. Books in a Series BIBLIOGRAPHY Book Title Editor Bernards, Neal, ed. Euthanasia.Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. Place of Publication Publisher

  41. Signed Encyclopedia BIBLIOGRAPHY Author of Article Article Title Littleton, C. Scott. "Mythology."The World Book Encyclopedia, 1987 ed. Vol. 13. pp.813-830. Encyclopedia Year Volume # Pages

  42. Unsigned Encyclopedia BIBLIOGRAPHY Article Title "Mythology."The World Book Encyclopedia, 1987 ed. Vol. 13. pp. 813-830. Encyclopedia Year Volume # Pages

  43. Newspaper Article BIBLIOGRAPHY Newspaper Article Title Author Anderson, Jack. "Nuclear Regulators Push Safety Through Loophole." Rocky Mountain News, January 5, 1984. Date Newspaper Name

  44. Magazine Article by Author BIBLIOGRAPHY Title of Article Author Gonzalez, Roseann. "The English Language Amendment: Explaining Myths." The English Journal, March 1988, pp. 24-30. Date Magazine Pages

  45. Magazine Article no Author BIBLIOGRAPHY Title of Article “The English Language Amendment: Explaining Myths." The English Journal, March 1988, pp. 24-30. Magazine Pages Date

  46. Pamphlet BIBLIOGRAPHY Title Date London. New York: Trip Builder, 1996.

  47. Government Document BIBLIOGRAPHY Origin of Document Title of Article US Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1987. 107th ed.Washington, DC. Government Printing Office, 1986. Edition Origin of Publication and Publisher Date

  48. Letter BIBLIOGRAPHY Origin of Document Meyer, Walter Dean, Jersey City, to Mary Smith, Middletown, 14 August 1998. Transcript in the hand of Mary Smith. Middletown Junior High School, Middletown, CT. Date Origin

  49. Interview BIBLIOGRAPHY Person Being Interviewed Cooney, Caroline B. Interview by Anita Cohen, 24 October 1992. Transcript in the hand of Anita Cohen. Amherst Central High School. Amherst, NY. Interviewer & Date Person who holds transcript Whereinterview took place

  50. Microfiche BIBLIOGRAPHY Browne, Malcolm W. "World Threat of Plastic Trash Defies Technology." New York Times, September 6, 1987. (Reprinted in New York Times Current Events Edition. 1987, fiche 76, grid 13A) Person Being Interviewed Title of Article Newspaper and Date Microfiche information

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