Why explore?

1. Why explore?

2. What European powers began exploring North America around 1400?

3. Early European Exploration • English (England) • French (France) • Spanish (Spain)

4. Why here?

5. Why were Europeans Exploring? To take control of an area and have people live there (claim it as your own – then make a profit by having it) Reasons Results Cultural Change • Religious purposes(To spread religion or religious freedom; Christianity) • Desire for wealth(claim new land and have access to the natural resources on it– I don’t have it and I want it) • Competition between nations(other countries were doing it; power hungry; the bigger the better) Colonization WAR

6. We are most interested in seeing how the ___________ (F, E, S) survived. Why? They won this competition in North America Great Britain’s success and failures are the reason America exists We are studying US history this year and this is how it began

7. Did GB find instant success (world dominance, wealth, and freedom from persecution)in North America?

8. As ship after ship came over (1400-1700), the British began to settle, expand and conquer.

9. 1 Colonist = 10,000 people living there • GB had established 12 (not 13) colonies • Which one became the 13th colony (in 1776)? • Some big, some small • Some were merchants that relied on shipping/trading, some were rural farmers and hunters • All believing their claims to land went as far as the eye could see (and wanting more) By 1750…

10. Colonial Map • Label the THIRTEEN colonies (spelling counts)(pg. 89) – WARNING!!! – count the colonies first • Color – New England Colonial Region – GreenMiddle Colonial Region – PurpleSouthern Colonial Region – Orange • Geography (physical features)Label the Atlantic Ocean, Mississippi River, and the Appalachian Mountains

11. Colonial Map • Label the THIRTEEN colonies (spelling counts)(pg. 89) – WARNING!!! – count the colonies first • Color – New England Colonial Region – GreenMiddle Colonial Region – PurpleSouthern Colonial Region – Orange • Geography (physical features)Label the Atlantic Ocean, Mississippi River, and the Appalachian Mountains

12. Life in the colonies? • Brand new world… • No “colonial” traditions • No Labor Day, no Thanksgiving, no Halloween, etc. • Whose traditions would they have followed then? • Limited/no guidance • No government/authority physically present (back in GB) • What happens when the authority figure is way back in GB and settlers are now on their own?

13. Life in the colonies? • Two groups emerged from this experience • Those that loved GB (LOYALISTS) • Wanted to keep the traditions, the culture, the laws • Those that wanted their own way of life (PATRIOTS) • Wanting to escape the rule of GB and enjoy the freedom of choice

14. If you were a Patriot, what rules or traditions would you establish?

15. Upon arrival what did British settlers find? ?

16. But what did they really need? (What are the very basic things people need to survive?) Food, Shelter, Water How many of you could make your own permanent shelter, grow/hunt your own food, and ensure you had clean drinking water?

17. Life in the colonies? • When colonists arrived was there food, shelter and water waiting for them? • So how did colonists survive? How did they get food, shelter and water?

18. Knowing that you need food, shelter and water to survive(and that you don’t have the skills to do that yourself) who would you have brought with you?

19. Everybody the same?Everybody different?

20. Life in the colonies? • Had to bring people with these skills to the colonies (carpenter, blacksmith, mason, miner, lumberjack, businessmen, military, hunter, farmer, doctor, etc.) • Each boat that set sail for the colonies brought with them a new set of skills that Colonial America needed to grow

21. Colonial Toolkit Can you identify what tools colonists first used? Who used what? Try to identify what the tools were used for and who might have used each. Complete pg. 6.

22. Pg. 3 – map of the original 13 colonies • Because of climate, availability of natural resources, and the culture of people 3 distinct regions emerged • New England Colonies • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies • Draw regional boundaries • Color each region separately • Label each region • Which region do you believe was most successful with: • Farming? • Fishing, timber, trade • Combination of all the above?

23. British Colonies • Southern Colonies • Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

24. Southern Colonies • Fertile, vacant land • Sun • Long growing season • Access to water (AO, MR, Gulf of Mex.) Which means the southern economy was based on…?

25. What does that mean to Great Britain? • Colonies were a place to grow crops/raise farm animals and then send them back to GB (w/o paying for them!) • Feed their growing population (rice, hogs, wheat, cattle, tobacco) • Support GB’s industrial growth (cotton, indigo, hide) • Sun • Consistently warm temperatures • Long growing seasons • Fertile, vacant land

26. Who’s doing all this planting/harvesting?

27. British Exploration • Southern Colonies • Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia • New England Colonies • New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island

28. New England Colonies • Cold • Snowy • Mountains • Rocky soil • Long, cold seasons (good for skiing, not for growing) So what is New England’s economy based in...?

29. So what is New England’s economy based in...? Natural Resources

31. New England Economy • Mercantilism • Based in trade of raw materials and the manufacturing of those raw materials • Ex. lumber/timber • Natural resources found in NA (shipped to GB); manufactured (in GB) and sold back to the colonies

32. NE had a strong sense of community (even though they were diverse)

33. Diverse Workers

34. With all this diversity, how do we keep continuity? How are we going to make this community work? NE had all the pieces for a successful colony, but working together is extremely challenging.

35. Mayflower • 1620 (roughly two and a half months on a boat) • About 100 passengers

36. MayflowerCompact(How they saw it) • Promise to each other • Promise to maintain order and cohesion • Promise to do what was “best” for the community at large

37. Mayflower Compact Guided Reading • Where are these loyal subjects from (lines 2-3)? Great Britain, France, Ireland • Where do these loyal subjects expect to land and settle (line 5)? Northern Virginia • What body/group are these people forming (lines 6-7)? Civil Political Body (government made up of citizens) • This groups is promising to make fair and just laws (line 8).

38. Mayflower Compact Guided Reading 5. True/False: This group is only looking out for the best interests of the rich (line 10). 6. Where did this group land (line 11)? Cape Cod, Massachusetts 7. On what date did this ship land (line 12)? November 11, 1620 8. How many subjects took this pledge? Forty-one

39. MayflowerCompact(How we see it – historically) • Written in 1620 • New England’s attempt at self-government • Creation of a government charged with “promoting the general welfare” • Trying to establish a way to make fair and just laws • Included elections for official positions • Included a court system

40. The Mayflower Compact is a model for… the U.S. Constitution! Creates a government… that has elections, establishes a court system, and makes laws

41. British Exploration • Southern Colonies • Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia • New England Colonies • New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island • Middle Colonies • New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware

43. Middle Colonies • Smash up of Southern and New England economic activities • Climate – four distinct seasons (w,s,s,f) • Some valuable growing time (as well as vacant land and access to water) - agriculture/farming • Landscape – flat plains, mountains, coast and inland areas • Some wooded areas = ex. Penn’s Woods (lumber, hunting, trapping) • Deep veins of minerals for mining

44. What did the Middle colonies offer to Great Britain? • Staple crops • Wheat, barley, oats (grains) • Trade (beaver pelts), hunting (deer, wild turkey) • Mining (iron, coal) What does this mean for Great Britain in the big picture?

45. Pennsylvania a William Penn

46. Founded Pennsylvania in 1681 • Quaker population • Had a strong belief in nonviolence and equality • Any approach but WAR • Agriculture, but slavery? • Religious freedom • Philadelphia – The City of Brotherly Love – 1682 • As a port city and central colonial location, its population grew quickly • Later in Philadelphia’s history it served for ten years as the nation’s Capitol

47. Quick Review • Why did European nations explore? • Who “owned” the thirteen original colonies? • What did Great Britain gain by colonizing North America? • What was the New England economy based in? • What was the Southern colonies economy based in? • What was the Middle colonies economy based in?