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Global 9 - Review

Explore key ideas, themes, and events from around the world, including geography, pre-history, civilizations, belief systems, golden ages, and more.

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Global 9 - Review

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  1. Global 9 - Review Key ideas, themes, events, people

  2. Geography - Terms • Archipelago • Japan, a chain of islands • Irregular Coastline • Rigid, harbors, Great Britain • Regular Coastline • Steppe - Africa • Desert • Gobi, Sahara • Strait • A narrow water passage

  3. World Map

  4. Traditional Economy • Hunting and gathering • Subsistence agriculture – produce enough food for your family; no excess • Barter system

  5. Pre-History – the time before people invented writing • Paleolithic Era • Old Stone Age • Nomads • Move from place to place • Hunters and gatherers • Spiritual Beliefs

  6. Neolithic Revolution • New ways of farming • Stay in one place, no more nomads • No more hunting and gathering • Established villages • More reliable food supplies

  7. Rise of Civilization • Cities • Central Governments • Traditional economy • Social Classes • System of Writing • Organized Religion • Specialized jobs

  8. Types of Sources • Primary Sources • First-hand account • Diaries • Journals • Autobiography • Secondary Sources • Encyclopedia • Book • A friend of a friend told me …

  9. River Valley Civilization • Four: Nile, Tigris & Euphrates, Yellow (Huang He), Indus • Why Settle Here? • Fertile soil • Irrigation • Flooding • Transportation

  10. India Cities – Harappa and Mohenjo-daro: evidence of urban planning Indus River Farmers Monsoons Good for watering crops Bad when they flooded River Valleys Fertile Crescent • Mesopotamia • Tigris and Euphrates • Great soil • Sumerians (ziggurats) • Cuneiform – cone writing

  11. Ancient China • Yellow River (loess made it yellow, also called River of Sorrows) • Dynasties, Mandate of Heaven • Dynastic Cycle

  12. China • Silk Road: trade route to Middle East • Ethnocentric/Middle Kingdom • Geographically China was surrounded by barriers (Himalayas, coastline, desert) • Thought they were the center of the world

  13. Egypt • Nile River • Pyramids • Pharaohs • Mummies • Hieroglyphics • Polytheistic – many gods • Social Classes

  14. Greece • City States • Formed due to geography • Athens (democracy, Pericles) and Sparta (military, physical fitness) • Polytheistic • Olympics, Homer, direct democracy, Pericles • Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Civilization

  15. Rome • Law of 12 Tables – legal systen • Roads and trade networks • Architecture (pillars, stone, grandious) • Julius Caesar • Plebians vs Patricians

  16. Codes of Law/Rules of Behavior • Law of 12 Tables • Justinian Code • Hammurabi’s Code • 10 Commandments • ** Introduce legal system** • **Provide rules of conduct**

  17. Monotheistic Religion • Islam – Koran, 5 pillars, Mecca, Muhammad is the prophet, Allah is the God • Christianity – 10 commandments, God, the Bible • Judaism – the Torah • *** All believe in one God and teach an ethical code of conduct***

  18. Other Belief Systems • Shintoism – Japan • Daosim/Taoism - China • Animism – Africa **Relate to nature, harmony with nature**

  19. Hinduism • India, South Asia • Ahimsa – non-violence • Dharma, karma, reincarnation • Caste System – born into your class; untouchables at bottom, brahmins are at the top • Gandhi was a Hindu, practiced non-violence

  20. Confucianism • Confucius • The Analects • Filial piety – respect for your elders • Five Relationships • Father to son, Husband to wife, Ruler to subject, friend to friend, older brother to younger brother **Provide order in your life**

  21. Buddhism • Siddartha Guatama Buddha “The Enlightened One” • Four Noble Truths (life is full of suffering, caused by desire, eliminate desire, follow the eightfold path) • People should follow the Eightfold path to overcome desires

  22. Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo • Both recorded their travels throughout the world • Historical records are used as primary sources • Sometimes they throw in Zheng He from China as a traveler • Marco Polo – goes to China, spends 17 years with Kublai Khan

  23. Golden Ages • Tang Dynasty from China • Guptas (Maurya) from India • Mali empire from Africa • Renaissance in Italy • Greece • Islamic – math and science

  24. Byzantine Empire • Eastern half of the Roman empire • Had the greatest influence on early Russian history • Eastern Orthodox Religion (Hagia Sophia) • Cyrillic alphabet • Preservation of Greek and Roman culture • Justinian – code of laws • Constantinople

  25. Mongols • Genghis Khan • Barbaric, tough • Superior military skills • “Don’t Mess With the Mongols” • Areas conquered India (Mughul), China (Yuan Dynasty)

  26. Medievel Europe/Middle Ages • Roman empire collapses • Charlemagne – Franks, light in the dark ages • Strict social structure (Kings, Lords, Knights, Peasants) • Feudalism • Chivalry • Manorialism – an economic system structured around a lord’s manor • Roman Catholic Church becomes the stabilizing force in Europe

  27. Crusades • Holy Wars between Muslims and Christians • Popes become more powerful • Feudal kings become more powerful • Increased trade between the Middle East and Europe, European economy expands • Sought to recover holy land – Palestine • Does this still go on today????

  28. Commercial Revolution • Introduction of banking • Letters of credit • Insurance • Joint stock companies • Guilds • Trading towns develop along waterway

  29. Renaissance • Began in Florence, Italy; wealth and support was here • New ways of thinking, intellectual, creativity • Questioning the old ways • Michelangelo, Leonardo daVinci, Shakespeare • Individualism, humanism • Machiavelli “The Prince” – the end justifies the means

  30. Protestant Reformation • Protesting indulgences, and acts of the Catholic Church • Luther and 95 Thesis • Calvin and predestination • Henry VIII – signed the Act of Supremacy and created the Church of England

  31. Scientific Revolution • Heliocentric Model (sun is center) • Descartes • Question the old ways • Gutenberg – printing press, printed the Bible, ideas spread and literacy increased • Galileo – trial with the church

  32. Rise of Monarchs/Nation-States • England and France • Kings increase their power • Common law • Magna Carta – put limits of King’s power • Parliament • Divine Right

  33. African Kingdoms • Savanna – grassy plain • Desert – Sahara • Traditional Society • Ghana – gold and salt trade • Mali – Mansa Musa, converted to Muslim • Songhai

  34. Age of Exploration • Portugal and Spain look for new routes for exploration • Reconquista – Christians recapture Spain from the Muslims • Columbus • Conquistadors – Spanish conquerors, successful based on superior military technology

  35. Triangular Trade • Middle Passage • Slave Trade • Europe to Africa to America • Columbian Exchange – exchange of people, plants, and crops • Mercantilism – economic system where you export more than you import

  36. Absolutism-Russian Rulers • Peter the Great – westernize Russia, studied in Europe, create a window to the west (St. Petersburg) • Catherine the Great – continue to westernize Russia, search for a warm water port for trade

  37. Absolutism - England • Stuart Monarchs – James I • Puritan Revolution • Glorious Revolution

  38. Enlightenment Era • Focus of rights of men • Equality • Natural Law • Hobbes, Montesquie, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire • New philosophies

  39. French Revolution • Causes • Kings controlled people’s basic rights • Three Estates – Social inequalities • Economic injustices • Enlightenment • English and American Revolution

  40. French Revolution - Stages • National Assembly • Storming the Bastille • Reign of Terror (Robespierre) • Napoleon • Napoleonic Code • Coup d’etat

  41. French Revolution • Effects • Ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity • Ideas of Nationalism • Will influence further revolution

  42. Revolutions in Latin America • Simon Bolivar – educated creole; gained independence for Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador • Defeated the spanish • Toussaint L’Ouverture – revolutionary freed Haiti

  43. Golden Ages • Guptas in India • Romans • Islamic • Ghana and Mali in Africa • Renaissance in Europe

  44. Belief Systems • Hinduism • Buddhism • Judaism • Christianity • Islam • Confucianism

  45. Geography and the Environment • River Valley Civilizations • Chinese Influence on Japan • Development of city-states in Greece • Latin America • Early African Kingdoms

  46. Economic Systems • Traditional economy • Manorialism/Feudalism • Mercantilism • Laissez-faire (Adam Smith) • Commercial Revolution

  47. Exam Format • 50 Multiple Choice Questions • DBQ • Scaffolding questions • Essay • Thematic Essay (based on a theme) • You have 3 hours: write, write, write! • Take it once and do well on it!

  48. Date and Time • June 13th: 12:15 • Where - TBA • Bring pens and pencils and ID • NO CELL PHONES • If you have testing mods, you will be in a different room.

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