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Lithuanian initiatives on promoting gender equality and democracy in cooperation with NGOs. Au šrinė Burneikienė Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson. Role of NGOs. Important generators of innovative ideas/ state policies/ projects Big lobby potential
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Lithuanian initiatives on promoting gender equality and democracy in cooperation with NGOs Aušrinė Burneikienė Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson
Role of NGOs • Important generators of innovative ideas/ state policies/ projects • Big lobby potential • Facilitators of public discussions on different aspects of gender equality • Main implementers of initiatives • Catalysts of change as they are their activities essence of civil society developments • Activators of women’s activity
2007 – European Year for Equal Opportunities • The NGOs are being consulted on the initiatives to be implemented during the Year • The representatives of NGOs constitute a consultative committee of the Year • The NGOs would receive possibility to take part in the call for proposals to be implemented during the Year.
National Programme of Equal Opportunities for Women and Men • NGOs are important partners for the implementation of the measures foreseen in the Programme
Cooperation with NGOs of the Office of Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson: Several practices • Modern Men in Enlarged Europe: Developing Innovative Gender Equality Strategies • Modern Men in Enlarged Europe II: Family-Friendly Policies • Raising awareness of lawyers • Changing gender stereotypes
“Modern Men in Enlarged Europe:Developing Innovative Gender Equality Strategies” Objectives: • To foster sustainable change in gender identities and stereotypes • To encourage men to take up new gender roles and overcome hegemonic masculinity • To develop images of men as care-givers Partners: • NGOs in Lithuania • Iceland, Denmark, Malta
Research: Fathers on paternity leave • For most fathers, paternity leave did not present any threat to their masculinity • A change in male identities is felt: men devote more attention to their role as care-givers despite often negative reactions from their environment • Being a father as a pleasurable thing • Tensions between family and professional life remain
Research II: decision makers • Issues of gender equality on political level are usually connected to participation of both genders in public life, disregarding the private sphere • The issues of paternity in the programs of ruling parties are discussed in the context of family security and social welfare (gender discourse is lacking) • Representatives of Ministrieswere much more skeptical about the opportunity to individualize parents’ rights to parental leave • Almost half of the MPs agree that the legalized participation of men in child care could help to achieve real gender equality in Lithuania • Quite traditional in their gender attitudes, butwomen‘s primary role in child care is no longer taken for granted • There is new spaces for social change
Results • A lot of information in the mass media • Start of a discourse on men as care-givers • Changing male identities – more of them take the paternity leave • New law: • ensuring bigger benefit for mothers and fathers on parental leave • father’s got the right for 100 % paid leave until their child is 1 month old
Modern Men in Enlarged Europe II:Family Friendly Policies Objectives: • To promote family friendly work environment • To build better knowledge on how employee, employer and the whole society benefits from work and family reconciliation policies • To encourage employers to implement family friendly arrangements at work for both genders • To foster public debate on reconciliation of work and private life by making this a male issue as well Partners: Lithuanian NGOs, Iceland, Denmark, Italy
Research: • A qualitative research and sociological survey were conducted in Lithuania in 2006: • Exploring the possibilities of fathers to reconcile their family and working life • Indicating the main obstacles • Exploring employer’s attitudes towards work-life balance • Exploring attitudes of society towards male and female roles
Main outcomes: interviewed men • The interviewed men and women experience conflict between their work and family responsibilities – stress, being tired and exhausted – although they usually do not recognise it • Working too long/ unflexible hours is especially problematic for men • Although priority was given to family, the breadwinner’s role was most important for men • For men, work and career are the most important means of their self-realization and self-fulfilment • Interviewed men usually attempted to adapt their family responsibilities to their work, and women, on the contrary, changed their work requirements to fit their family needs.
More women (69.8 %) than men (30.2 %) experience a work-family conflict
Women receive only supplementary help from their husbands in their domestic affairs. • Who prepares food? – more than 70 % women • Who repairs home appliances? – 85 % men • For most of the families the egalitarian family model was more a declared ideal than an accomplished reality
Employer’s attitudes • Family-friendly policies were usually negotiated on interpersonal level and that much depended on the employers’ goodwill • The men did not feel as secure about the employers’ view of men taking an extended paternity leave. • Small companies were more family friendly than large ones
Cooperation with Lithuanian Human Rights Office • 20 lawyers explicitly trained on discrimination issues • Awareness raising campaign in 2007, including training of lawyers
Cooperation with the help of Structural funds Project “Implementing the principle of equal opportunities” • Surveys • Seminars • TV programme • Posters in public