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MEASLES

MEASLES. RUBEOLA OR MORBILLI. DEFINITION. Measles is an acute highly contagious viral disease caused by measles virus.It is characterized by fever,URT catarrhal inflamation, koplik’s spots and ulemaculopaps.

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MEASLES

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  1. MEASLES RUBEOLA OR MORBILLI

  2. DEFINITION • Measles is an acute highly contagious viral disease caused by measles virus.It is characterized by fever,URT catarrhal inflamation, koplik’s spots and ulemaculopaps. • The disease may complicated with branch- pneumonia, encephalitis, hepatitis. • The lived attenuated measles virus vaccine has been utilized wildly since 1965 ,the incidence of the disease has declined in china.

  3. ETIOLOGY • 1 .Pathogen is measles virus. it has been classed as a paramyxovirus.it is spherical in appearance ,measuring about 100~150nm in diameter.It has an outer envelope composed of M-protein, H-protein, F-protein, and internal core is RNA. • 2 .Site of the measles virus exists measles can be detected from blood and nasal, pharyngeal secretions.

  4. ` • 3. Three kinds of antibodies are produced after infection,that is • 3.1 complement combining antibody; • 3.2 hemagglutinin inhibiting antibody • 3.3 neutralizing antibody • 4 .Only one antigenic type of measles virus • is known. • 5.Resistance:measles virus is sensitive to heat or disinfectant , it is also inactivated by ultraviolet light easily. not strong

  5. EPIDEMIOLOGY • 1.Source of infection The patients are the only source of infection. • 2 .Routes of transmission air-borne • 3. Susceptibility of population 3.1 All age person is susceptible; 90% of contact people acquire the disease. 3.2 The permanent immunity acquire after disease. • 4. Epidemic features season:winter and spiring age:6 months to 5 years old

  6. PATHOLOGY • Rash: corium superficial blood vessel • Pigmentation: • Desquamation: • Koplik’s spots

  7. yy: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS • Typical type • 1.Incubation period is approximately 6~18days,10days is the most common. (3-4weeks) • 2 .predromal phase 3~4 days. 2 .1 Fever; 2 .2 Catarrhal inflammation of URT; 2 .3 Koplik’s spots; 2 .4 Transient prodromal rashes.

  8. 3. Eruption stage 3 .1. Time: the3~5 days after fever;but the 4th day is most common; 3 .2 . Shape:maculopapular 3.3. Sequence:behind the ear→along the hairline→face→neck→chest→back→abdomen→limbs→hand and fee. 3 .4 . The temperature rise continuously and companied with the toxic symptoms • 4 . Convalescent stage brown staining. fine branny desquamation. course:10-14 days

  9. Atypical measles 1 . mild measles; 2 . severe measles (toxic and shock type measles); 3. hemorrhagic measles; 4 . variant measles.

  10. COMPLICATIONS • 1 .Bronchopneumonia; • 2 .Myocarditis; • 3 .Laryngitis; • 4 .Neurologic complications: Encephalitis

  11. LABORATORY FINDINGS • Blood routine • Serum Ab measurement complement combining antibody; hemagglutinin inhibiting antibody; neutralizing antibody; specific antibody IgM. • Other Ag and multinucleated giant cells

  12. Diagnosis: • Diagnosis is usually clinical. • Multinucleated giant cells are detected in nasopharynx mucosa secretions. • Virus isolation: • Resp secretion • Buffy coat • urine • RT-PCR • Serology: commonly used technique. • Specific IgM

  13. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS • 1 .Rubella (German measles) ; • 2 .Roseola infantum (infant subitum,exanthem subitum) • 3. Drug rashes. *the early stage definite diagnosis is: *the early stage clinical diagnosis is: *the clinical diagnosis is:

  14. treatment • 1 .General therapy: rest, nursing and diet • 2. Symptomatic therapy: fever and cough, • 3.Support threapy:r-globulin traditional chinese herbs may be used ; • 4.complications of treatment

  15. yy: PREVENTION • 1 .Control source of infection; • 2 .Interruption of transmissions ; • 3 .Protection of the susceptible person: 3.1 . Active immunization Lived attenuated measles vaccine. 3.2 . Passive immunization placenta globulin or gamma globulin.

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