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Measles

Measles. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Measles_virus.JPG. Morbillivirus. Infection of the respiratory system Paramyxovirus Negative-sense single-stranded RNA Envelope virus. http://www.nature.com/nsmb/journal/v14/n12/images/nsmb1342-F1.jpg.

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Measles

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  1. Measles http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Measles_virus.JPG

  2. Morbillivirus • Infection of the respiratory system • Paramyxovirus • Negative-sense single-stranded RNA • Envelope virus http://www.nature.com/nsmb/journal/v14/n12/images/nsmb1342-F1.jpg

  3. Measles in the developed countries • Vaccinations • MMR ~ 18 months • 2nd Dose ~ 4-5 years • Fatality Rate: • 3 deaths/1000 cases • 0.3% fatality

  4. Measles in the developing countries • WHO recommends two dosages: 6 & 9 months • HIV Infection • Fatality Rate: • Can be as high as 28%!

  5. What’s the problem? Why is there such a high fatality rate in the developing countries?

  6. No immunization! • “[Measles] is a highly contagious viral infection that kills more children than any other vaccine preventable disease” - UNICEF • Lack of immunization due to three things: • Poverty • Poor health systems • Lack of information

  7. How is measles transmitted?

  8. Transmission • Highly contagious • Can infect 90% of people in close contact • Can remain active and contagious for 2 hours

  9. Structure of paramyxoviruses • 16 kb nucleotides

  10. Diagnosis of measles • Microscopy • Immunofluorescence • Virus Isolation • Serology • Fever + Three C’s

  11. Symptoms: • 10-14 incubation period • High fever, runny nose, red/watery eyes, rash • Koplik’s spots • Severe complications

  12. Treatment • No known treatments • Fluids and Vitamin A • LJ-001??

  13. So what is being done about this?

  14. Organizations Helping To Fight Measles • Measles Initiative - 1971 • Still 164,000 people die from measles each year • 2010 goal – 90% worldwide

  15. Impact of the Measles Initiative

  16. This was in 2008…

  17. References • “Global Measles Elimination”. Nature Review. December 2006. <http:// www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n12/full/nrmicro1550.html>. • “Measles”. Wikipedia. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles>. • Measles Initiative. <http://www.measlesinitiative.org>. • “Measles Outbreak Triggered by Unvaccinated Child”. U.S. News & World Report. <http://www.usnews.com/health/family-health/in fectious-diseases/articles/2010/03/22/measles-outbreak-triggered-by-unvaccinated-child.html>. • “Modulation of Immune System Function by Measles Virus Infection: Role of Soluble Factor and Direct Infection”. Journal of Virology. December 1998. <http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/72/12/ 9421>. • “Pathogenesis”. Measles. <http://www.brown.edu/courses/bio_160/p rojects2000/MMR/MeaslesPathogenesis.htm>. • “Pathogenesis of Measles Virus Infections”. Virology Online. <http: //virology-online.com/viruses/MEASLES4.htm>. • “Virology – Chapter Four: RNA Virus Replication Strategies”. Microbiology and Immunology Online. <http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/m hunt/RNA-HO.htm>. • “Virus-Induced Immunosuppression”. NCBI. <http://www.ncbi.nlm .nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=pmd&part=A2876>.

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