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Ferns

Ferns. Biology 11. KINGDOM PLANTAE. Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta. Non-Vascular Plants. Terrestrial: Bryophytes. Aquatic: Algae. Seeds. No Seeds. Phyla : Bryophyta Hepatophyta Antherocerophyta. Phyla : Chlorophyta Rhodophyta Phaeophyta. Ferns. Sub Phylum :

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Ferns

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  1. Ferns Biology 11

  2. KINGDOM PLANTAE Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta Non-Vascular Plants Terrestrial: Bryophytes Aquatic: Algae Seeds No Seeds Phyla: Bryophyta Hepatophyta Antherocerophyta Phyla: Chlorophyta Rhodophyta Phaeophyta Ferns Sub Phylum: Lycophyta (club & spike moss) Sphenophyta (equisitem) Pterophyta (ferns)

  3. Sub Phylum Pterophyta (Ferns)

  4. Ferns Still tied to the water • Reproduction (for sperm to swim) New Advances? • Sporophyte the dominant stage • Both the gametophyte and sporophyte are photosynthetic and can live independently. • Vascular system (xylem and phloem): can grow bigger • Roots, stems, and leaves

  5. Basic Structure of a Fern • Leafy part of fern is called frond • Sorus: clusters of sporangia

  6. Rhizome: modified stem • Roots: develop from the rhizome

  7. Adaptations for Survival Without Water • Vascular Tissue • Tubes that carry water and nutrients around plant • 2 types • Xylem: transport water from roots to rest of the plant • Phloem: transports sugar from fronds to rest of plant

  8. 2. Tracheid Cells • Cells that make up xylem tissue (to be discussed in more detail later) • Provides structural support so leaves can be held up to sun for photosynthesis

  9. Adaptations for Survival Without Water 3. Leaves with Waxy cuticle • Waterproof coating to help prevent water loss (evaporation from leaves) 4. True roots grow from rhizome • Take in water

  10. Reproduction • Alternation of generations • Dominant generation: sporophyte • Water still required for sexual reproduction

  11. Haploid spore production takes place on the underside of the front • Spores are produced in sporangium • Clusters of sporangium make up sori (seen as spots on the bottom of a frond)

  12. Spores released from sorus carried by wind or water • Germinate into haploid gametophytes • Green, heart shaped tiny structure called prothallium

  13. Antheridia and archegonia found on underside of prothallium and produce sperm and egg • Sperm swim to egg in archegonia for fertilization to occur • Zygote develops into sporophyte

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