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Ferns (Monilophytes)

Ferns (Monilophytes). Ferns (Monilophytes). Ferns. Shoot Primary Growth: Apical Cell. Fern: Shoots (Stem, Leaves) and Roots. Leaves: Circinate Vernation. Fern Frond (= Leaf): Stipe + Blade. http://hasbrouck.asu.edu/imglib/seinet/Pteridophytes/photos/Polypodium_hesperium_020207_1.jpg.

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Ferns (Monilophytes)

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  1. Ferns (Monilophytes)

  2. Ferns (Monilophytes)

  3. Ferns

  4. Shoot Primary Growth: Apical Cell

  5. Fern: Shoots (Stem, Leaves) and Roots

  6. Leaves: Circinate Vernation

  7. Fern Frond (= Leaf): Stipe + Blade http://hasbrouck.asu.edu/imglib/seinet/Pteridophytes/photos/Polypodium_hesperium_020207_1.jpg

  8. Fern Leaf: Simple Lobed (“Pinnatafid”) Unlobed Asplenium Polypodium

  9. Fern Leaf: Compound

  10. Fern Leaf: Once-Pinnately Compound (Rachis, Pinna, Petioule) https://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/pteridophytes/ fern_pinnate_frond01.gif http://www.plantsystematics.org/users/robbin/9_9_04/upload61/Phaneroph_umbonata.jpg

  11. Fern Leaf: Twice-Pinnately Compound (Rachis, Pinna, Petioule, Costa, Pinnule, Petioulule) https://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/pteridophytes/fern_frond01.jpg

  12. Fern Leaf: Twice-Pinnately Compound (Rachis, Pinna, Petioule, Costa, Pinnule, Petioulule)

  13. Fern Leaf: Compound (Pinna vs. Pinnule; Petiole vs. Petioule) One Pinna

  14. Fern Leaf: Thrice-Pinnately Compound

  15. Fern Leaf: Thrice-Pinnately Compound (Pinna, Petioule, Costa, Pinnule, Petioulule, Pinnulule, Petioululule) https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/25/flashcards/2696025/jpg/dsc08095-13F1C4252A2275C6808.jpg

  16. Fern Rhizome (Prostrate Stem) and Roots

  17. Fern Vascular Tissue: Xylem Endarch Xylem Development

  18. Fern Vascular Tissue: Phloem Sieve Tube Elements Sieve Cells

  19. Stele (Protostele) Gleichenia

  20. Stele (Siphonostele) Ectophloic Siphonostele Amphiphloic Siphonostele

  21. Solenostele (Amphiphloic Siphonostele with One Leaf Gap) Adiantum

  22. Solenostele (Amphiphloic Siphonostele with One Leaf Gap) Fig. 13-21 in Gifford and Foster 1989

  23. Dictyostele (Amphiphloic Siphonostele with Overlapping Leaf Gaps) Dictyostele Polypodium

  24. Dictylostele (Amphiphloic Siphonostele with Overlapping Leaf Gaps) Dictylostele Fig. 13-21 in Gifford and Foster 1989

  25. Polycyclic Stele (One Dictyostele inside Another Dictyostele) Pteridium Sclerenchyma

  26. Ectophloic Siphonostele (Multiple Leaf Gaps, Leaf Traces) Osmunda

  27. Tree Ferns

  28. Tree Ferns Leaf Bases Dicksonia Trunk Stele

  29. Fern Sporangium

  30. Heterospory (Uncommon) Marsilea

  31. Homospory (Common) Athyrium

  32. Eusporangium vs. Leptosporangium Eusporangium Leptosporangium

  33. Fern Sporangium: Annulus Position Oblique Lateral Apical Oblique Oblique Vertical Oblique Fig. 13-14 in Gifford and Foster 1989

  34. Fern Sporangium: Sporangium Dehiscence Fig. 13-6 in Foster and Gifford 1989

  35. Dimorphic vs. Non-Dimorphic Fronds Non-Dimorphic Dimorphic Onoclea Dryopteris

  36. Acrostichoid Sporangia (Scattered on Frond Surface) Acrostichum

  37. Non-Acrostichoid Sporangia (Occur in Clusters (Sori) on Frond Surface) Sorus

  38. Fern Sorus Structure (with, without Indusium)

  39. Fern Sorus Position and Form Fig. 13-7 in Foster and Gifford 1989

  40. Fern Sori: Marginal Position (Pouch-Like Indusium) Hymenophyllum

  41. Fern Sori: Sub-Marginal Position (“False Indusium”) Adiantum

  42. Fern Sori: Sub-Marginal Position (“False Indusium” and True Indusium) Pteridium

  43. Fern Sori: SuperficialPosition (Cup-Shaped Indusium) Cystopteris

  44. Fern Sori: Superficial Position (Linear Indusium) Blechnum Asplenium

  45. Fern Sori: Superficial Position (Comma Indusium) Athyrium

  46. Fern Sori: Superficial Position (Reniform Indusium) Dryopteris

  47. Fern Sori: Superficial Position (Strap-Shaped/Filiform Indusium)

  48. Fern Sori: Superficial (Peltate Indusium) Phanerophlebia

  49. Fern Sori: Superficial (Ex-Indusiate)

  50. Psilophyton (Early to Late Devonian)

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