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Ferns

Ferns. Kaiti Xouris, Preston Hickson,Taylor Contini, Nelly Kruglyak. Origins. Phylum: Pterophyta – consists of about 11,000 species Lower Devonian Tropical Biome All but dry land. Evolution of the Fern.

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Ferns

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  1. Ferns Kaiti Xouris, Preston Hickson,Taylor Contini, Nelly Kruglyak

  2. Origins • Phylum: Pterophyta – consists of about 11,000 species • Lower Devonian • Tropical Biome • All but dry land

  3. Evolution of the Fern • Some botanists believe that the ferns are descendants of the Rhyniopsida, an extinct group of free-sporing plants. • Originated in the Silurian period (about 430 million years ago) and went extinct in the mid-Devonian period (about 370 million years ago). • ferns were the first plants to have megaphylls. Megaphyll: a leaf with a complex system of branched veins. • It is believed by botanists that ferns developed megaphylls by developing a flattened and webbed version of the simple, three-dimensional branching system of the Rhyniopsida. The evolution of the megaphyll was a major event in plant evolution • Almost all major types of plants now possess megaphylls.

  4. Key Plant Structures

  5. Life Cycle Diploid

  6. Life Cycle (continued)

  7. Fertilization • Starts as 2n sporophyte • Sporangia is created to go through meiosis to create a haploid cell • sporangia grouped together in clusters called sori (sorus, singular) on the undersides of the leaves

  8. Health Benefits of Ferns • Maidenhair ferns: used to make cough syrups. • Oak fern: aides arthritis as well as respiratory problems. • Wall rue: grows in rock crevices, thought to cure swollen glands, • Some ferns have been used to cure certain snake bites.

  9. Fern Habitats • Some Ferns have adapted to dry habitats. • The majority of the species prefer wet and shady climates for optimal growth and development.

  10. Species Asplenium platyneuron Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum

  11. Species Onoclea sensibilis Polystichum acrostichoides

  12. Dependency • Gametophyte is independent from the sporophyte • Sporophyte is dependant on the Gametophyte. • The gametophyte has the ability to grow individually and independently from the sporophyte, • It is impossible for the sporophyte to grow as a singular unit.

  13. Morphology

  14. Sources • http://images.wildmadagascar.org/pictures/masoala/tree_ferns_bromeliads_0.JPG • http://hcs.osu.edu/hcs300/svp2.htm • http://www.utm.edu/departments/cens/biology/rirwin/pterophyta.htm • http://science.jrank.org/pages/2685/Ferns-Evolution.html • http://8e.devbio.com/images/ch20/01.PLC.02.thumb.jpg • http://www.arthurhaines.com/Florae_Novae_Angliae/Polypodiaceae/Asplenium-platyneuron-sori.jpg • http://www.biol.vt.edu/digital_atlas/media/images/plants/originals/Athyrium_filix-femina_var_asplenioides2%23835c%23.jpg • http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/ferns/fernpics/onocleasens_frond.jpg • http://gcuonline.georgian.edu/gross/biodiversity/phylum.htm • http://www.clintonnaturecenter.org/Christmasfernsori052307.jpg

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