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GOVERNMENT PRESIDENTS

GOVERNMENT PRESIDENTS. US GOVERNMENT BASED ON Magna Carta -signed in 1215, English document that guaranteed trial by jury and the King could not tax without Parliament’s ok English Bill of Rights-signed in 1689, English document guaranteed citizens certain rights

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GOVERNMENT PRESIDENTS

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  1. GOVERNMENT PRESIDENTS

  2. US GOVERNMENT BASED ON Magna Carta-signed in 1215, English document that guaranteed trial by jury and the King could not tax without Parliament’s ok English Bill of Rights-signed in 1689, English document guaranteed citizens certain rights Baron de Montesquieu-writings influenced the formation of our 3 Branches of government Significance-influenced today’s U.S. government

  3. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Adopted by 2nd Continental Congress on July 4, 1776 Written by Thomas Jefferson who was influenced by John Locke and William Blackstone-enlightenment writers believed that govt. protects individual freedoms Declared colonies 9U.S.) independent of England Described new form of government-democracy Unalienable rights-rights govts. cannot take away from individuals-life, liberty, pursuit of happiness Significance-described new theory of government, said why war/declared independence

  4. GOVERNMENT DESCRIBED IN DECLARATION Purpose is to protect individual rights Described new theory of government People have right to overthrow government that oppresses them Significance-framework for democracy in U.S.

  5. SHAYS REBELLION Massachusetts farmers rebelled against high taxes Led by Daniel Shays Proved that Articles of Confederation was too weak Significance-convinced leaders to write new plan of government

  6. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 1st government from 1777-1787 States had most power Weakness-could not tax, enforce laws or raise money Strength-NW Ordinance to create new states from territories-entered Union equal to original states Significance-kept states together until stronger government created

  7. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION AND CONSTITUTION 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Addressed grievances from Dec. of Independence James Madison wrote most of it Created 3 branches of government-Legislative makes laws, Executive enforces laws, Judicial interprets laws Federalism-state and national share power, but national stronger Significance-U.S. govt based on Federalism & democracy/ protects people’s rights

  8. GREAT COMPROMISE Plan to organize Legislative branch Proposed by Roger Sherman 2 house Legislature with upper house representation based on equality and lower house based on population of the state Significance-organized legislative branch by compromise

  9. 3/5’S COMPROMISE Plan to count states’ slave population Proposed by James Wilson 3/5 of states slave population and all free inhabitants count for taxation and representation Significance-compromise used to settle and issue

  10. VIRGINIA PLAN Plan to organize Legislative branch Proposed by Edmund Randolph 2 house Legislature with representation based on population of the state Significance-organized Legislative Branch to benefit large (population) states

  11. NEW JERSEY PLAN Plan to organize Legislative branch Proposed by William Paterson 1 house Legislature with representation based on equality Significance-organized Legislative branch to benefit small (population) states

  12. RATIFICAITON OF CONSTITUTION Ratify-approve Federalists-ratify as is, Madison & Hamilton published Federalist Papers to encourage ratification Anti-Federalists-change because no Bill of Rights to protect people’s freedoms Significance-led to Bill of Rights to protect citizens rights

  13. BILL OF RIGHTS 1st 10 amendments to the Constitution Added to get Constitution ratified Protect people’s liberties that a govt cannot take away Significance-written guarantee of rights that cannot be taken away by a govt

  14. PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION Federalism-state & national share power Popular Sovereignty-power of people Limited Govt-govt limited by Constitution Separation of Powers-each branch has own powers Checks and Balances-each branch checks other 2 Republicans-people elect representatives Individual Rights-rights of individual Significance-basis of our government

  15. CITIZENSHIP Born or naturalized-live here at least 5 yrs, 18 yrs old, knowledge of U.S. govt and English language Duty to vote, obey rules, serve on juries and stayed informed on issues Significance-people benefit from democracy and freedom

  16. MAJOR AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION Amend-change Difficult in order to avoid minor or frequent changes-2/3 of national legislature to propose and ¾ of state legislatures to approve Amendment 1-free speech & press allows opinions with retaliation, free religion allows religion to grow Amendment 13 abolished slavery Amendment 14 citizenship to all males-could then vote Amendment 15 male suffrage Significance-allows govt to grow & change to meet needs of society

  17. GEORGE WASHINGTON Commander of Continental Army President of Constitutional Convention 1st President of U.S., made Constitution (govt) work Encouraged Americans to avoid political parties & foreign alliances (trade only)-isolationism in Farewell Address Leadership qualities-kept soldiers together during Rev, put aside personal beliefs Significance-1st interpretation of Constitution (govt)

  18. WHISKEY REBELLION Pennsylvania farmers did not want to pay taxes Washington led army to force farmers to obey national policy Significance-used force to enforce laws

  19. DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES Developed to gain support for Constitution Federalists-Hamilton-wanted loose construction of Constitution, strong Federal govt, pro trade & Britain Democratic-Republicans-Thomas Jefferson-wanted strict construction of Constitution, strong State govt, pro agriculture & France Significance-Federalism-state & national share power

  20. U.S. ECONOMIC POLICY Developed by Alexander Hamilton-raise money thru taxes, pay debt to establish credit, money stored in Bank of U.S. Capitalism-economic system of U.S.-people invest (put) capital (money) into business to make a profit Free enterprise-people are free to produce, sell, buy, invest in what they want-little govt interference Significance-economic policy of U.S./economy can grow because of little interference

  21. THOMAS JEFFERSON 3rd president of U.S. Bought Louisiana Territory for $15 million in 1803-doubled size of U.S., sent Lewis and Clark to explore Significance-describe new theory of govt in Declaration/interpreted Constitution in buying Louisiana

  22. JOHN MARSHALL Supreme Court Chief Justice Series of decisions that strengthened power of federal govt Marbury v Madison established judicial review-authority of court to declare a law unconstitutional-principles of checks and balances McCullough v Maryland established authority of Congress to create a national bank Gibbons v Ogden established authority of Congress to regulate interstate trade Significance-strengthened, defined, power & authority of Federal govt

  23. WAR OF 1812 Madison’s administration U.S. vs Great Britain Causes-impressment, Great Britain out of Ohio Valley, War Hawks wanted Canada Ft. McHenry bombed, Francis Scott Key wrote Star Spangled Banner Significance-Great Britain forced to recognize U.S./Andrew Jackson-national prominence/tariffs & blockade encouraged manufacturing

  24. MONROE DOCTRINE Proposed by President James Monroe No new European colonies in the America’s and America stay out of European affairs Continued foreign policy of isolationism Significance-foreign policy of U.S.

  25. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS Defeated Andrew Jackson in the corrupt bargain Negotiated the Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain to gain Florida Significance-gained Florida

  26. ELECTION OF ANDREW JACKSON Interests of south and west represented No longer had to own property to vote which allowed more free, white, 21 yr old, men to vote Nicknames-Rise of Common Man and Jacksonian Democracy Significance-extension of democracy-more people allowed to vote

  27. TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS Tariff-tax on imports to protect & encourage manufacturing & provide a way for govt to raise money Southerners-tariff protected northerners John C. Calhoun believed tariffs were states’ rights issue-Congress could not regulate trade Nullification Crisis-states could nullify (cancel) a law they disagreed with Significance-created tensions that led to Civil War/Jackson would use force to enforce national policy

  28. INDIAN REMOVAL ACT Cherokee Indians in Georgia resettled to Oklahoma-white settlers wanted land-cotton & gold, so Congress passed Indian Removal Act Worcester v Georgia-decided by Supreme Court-state cannot regulate Indian lands, Andrew Jackson refused to enforce Trail of Tears-forced move of Indians to Oklahoma Significance-President refused to enforce Supreme Court decision/Indians confined to reservations

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