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The New Deal

The New Deal. I. Background II. Creating the Safety Net A. Relief B. Jobs C. Social insurance III. Union Legitimacy A. Norris-LaGuardia B. NRA C. Anti-Racketeering Law of 1933 D. NLRA IV. Response A. Workers B. Employers C. Constitutional Conflict. Values. Public control

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The New Deal

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  1. The New Deal I. Background II. Creating the Safety Net A. Relief B. Jobs C. Social insurance III. Union Legitimacy A. Norris-LaGuardia B. NRA C. Anti-Racketeering Law of 1933 D. NLRA IV. Response A. Workers B. Employers C. Constitutional Conflict

  2. Values • Public control • Economic morality • Progressivism • SOL Frances Perkins • Cooperation • End of individualism • Experimentation • Emergency mentality

  3. Public Works Administration Construction of the Triborough Bridge

  4. Relief • In 1933, Congress enacts $4.8B relief bill • $1B per year • 2% of GDP Relief line, San Antonio, TX, 1939

  5. Civilian Conservation Corps • Plant trees • Build parks

  6. Works Progress Administration • Culture • Writers, artists, actors • Promotes unions, Democratic policies

  7. Social Insurance • Old Age benefits • Payroll tax

  8. Norris-LaGuardia • Precedes New Deal • Passed in 1932 by new Congress • Democratic majority • Progressive Republicans • Rep. Fiorello LaGuardia (R-NY) • Sen. George Norris (R-NB) • Declared labor’s right to organize • Outlawed yellow dog contracts • Barred federal judges from issuing labor injunctions “The Little Flower”

  9. National RecoveryAdministration • Economic Planning • Agricultural Adjustment Administration • Industrial self-governance • Right to join labor union—Section 7A

  10. National Labor Relations Act • Also known as the Wagner Act (1935) • Encourage collective bargaining to stabilize wages • Guarantees worker’s right to join a union • NLRB • arbitrates • counts ballots Senator Robert Wagner (D-NY)

  11. Anti-Racketeering Act of 1933 • New legitimacy requires policymakers redefine criminality • Federal, state, local campaign against racketeering ensues • Word is vague • AFL uses to establish itself as the source of legitimacy Al Capone, 1929

  12. Workers Respond • Progressive unions make big gains • United Mine Workers • Amalgamated Clothing Workers • AFL confronts manufacturing • Federal locals • Automobile • Toledo • Auto-lite • General strikes • Minneapolis • San Francisco Minneapolis teamsters fight police, 1934

  13. Employers • Rhetorical • Call NIRA fascism • Call Democrats “communists” • Practical • Textiles James H. Rand, Jr. President of Remington-Rand, Inc. Cited for "wholesale violations" of NLRA

  14. Constitutional Conflict • Corporate manufacturers fund legal challenge • USSC voids NIRA in 1935 • Employers refuse to abide Wagner Act until court rules • Jones & Laughlin case (1937) • Justice Roberts switches • Court upholds NLRA & federal economic regulation generally U.S. Supreme Court, 1932

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