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Considering Authorial Purpose and Intent—What’s up with the audience?. Mrs. Beard Dual Credit/ Eng. 1301. The “Art” of Writing. Rhetoric is, quite simply, the art of writing and speaking It refers to the purposeful choice of an author Symbolism, metaphor, parallelism, etc
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Considering Authorial Purpose and Intent—What’s up with the audience? Mrs. Beard Dual Credit/ Eng. 1301
The “Art” of Writing • Rhetoric is, quite simply, the art of writing and speaking • It refers to the purposeful choice of an author • Symbolism, metaphor, parallelism, etc Aristotle gave definition to this process , calling the it “artistic” because the effect is under the control of the author.
Persuasive Appeals: Using Heart and Mind • Ethos: the character or credibility of the speaker/writer • Logos: the content of the written or spoken message • Pathos: the emotional appeal to the audience by the speaker or writer ***The author controls these appeals. Aristotle contends they work together, not exclusively of one another.
Ethos • Goes to character/credibility of speaker; also the role of the writer in the argument. Why should we listen to them? • In “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” Dr. King opens with “My Dear Fellow Clergymen.” Why is this more effective than “Dear Sir” or “To Whom it May Concern”? • What are other ways a writer/speaker can establish ethos?
Logos • In Greek, logos means “word.” Aristotle argues this is the most important of the appeals. • It is the message of the argument. • Author’s conclusions • Exigency (why is this important now?)
Pathos • What techniques a writer/speaker uses to stir the emotions of the audience. • Pictures • Personal anecdote • Insecurities/fears • Shared values
Practice • Choose an ad and identify • Audience • Purpose • Message • Use of appeals (pathos, logos, ethos) • You will share your findings with the class • You have 20 minutes!
Rhetorical Context • The background/situation • As the situation changes, so should the response • This is inartistic or extrinsic as it is not controlled by the writer/speaker.
The Rhetorical Triangle • The modern rhetorical triangle consists of five elements: • Writer • Audience • Message • Purpose • Rhetorical context
Putting it all together • What it looks like. . . Message (Logos) Rhetorical Context Rhetorical Context Writer (ethos) Audience (Pathos)
The Writer • What can I do to build my credibility? • How can I get the audience to trust me? • Establish connection; not an “outsider” A writer builds ethos through tone, style and dealing with counter-arguments.
Audience Message • The content • Not logic, though certainly that is a component of logos • Logos involves ALL of the message, which goes beyond the limitations of logic • Connect with their emotions • What are their values/beliefs/ experiences? • Why should they care?