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Energy from Organic Fuels

Energy from Organic Fuels. F1 The Need for Energy. The Need for Energy. Types of energy: . Electric, . heat,. light,. mechanical,. chemical,. and nuclear energy. Law of Physics. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy can be changed from one form to another.

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Energy from Organic Fuels

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  1. Energy from Organic Fuels F1 The Need for Energy

  2. The Need for Energy • Types of energy: • Electric, • heat, • light, • mechanical, • chemical, • and nuclearenergy • Law of Physics • Energy cannot be created or destroyed • Energy can be changed from one form to another • The storage, transfer, and conversion of energy are the driving forces behind all life on Earth • Example: The energy in the food you eat once came from the sun • Food is a form of fuel your body uses for energy • Fuel is any substance from which energy can be obtained

  3. The Need for Energy • Except for lightning, electricity, is not a form of energy that is common in nature • Generated by the conversion of other forms of energy • Fuel is burned to boil water • Boiling water produces steam • Steam exerts pressure on a turbine • Makes the turbine turn • Turning produces mechanical energy • Mechanical energy generates electricity

  4. The Need for Energy • Much of the fuel consumed by today's society is used to generate electricity • But this conversion is not 100 percent efficient • During the process, some energy is lost when it is converted to heat, light, or sound Changing Energy Needs • Energy needs have changed over time • Hunter-gatherer societies had very limited energy requirements • Used energy only for light, heat, and cooking • Wood adequately met these needs

  5. Changing Energy Needs • As agricultural societies emerged, energy demands changed • In addition to the need for light, heat and cooking • domesticated animals such as horses, mules, and oxen became the energy sources for powering plows and other farm equipment

  6. Changing Energy Needs • Following the Industrial Revolution, energy needs changed again • Tasks that used to be done by people and animals were taken over by machines • Manufacturing the machines in factories required large amounts of fuel • More fuel was needed to run the machines after they were made

  7. Changing Energy Needs • Factories that produce the clothing, furniture, and building materials needed by a growing population also increase fuel consumption. • Even more fuel is required to distribute and market these products

  8. Fuels from Organisms • Organic fuels – fuels that contain carboncompounds that were once part of livingorganisms • In addition to carbon, organic fuels also contain hydrogen • A compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen is called a hydrocarbon. • Methane CH4 Each carbon molecule requires 4 bonds • H What goes at the end of each bond? How many carbon molecules are in methane? 1 • H • H • C A Hydrogen molecule 4 • H How many are there?

  9. Fuels from Organisms • Methane CH4 • Ethane C2H6 • H • C • H • H • H • H • C • H • H • H • C • H • H How many carbon molecules do we have? 2 How many hydrogen molecules do we have? 6 How do we put this together? Every carbon needs 4 bonds Every hydrogen needs 1 bond

  10. Fuels from Organisms • Methane CH4 • Ethane C2H6 • H • H • H • H • H • H • H • C • C • C • H • H • H

  11. Octane C8H18 Try to draw this molecule • H • H • H • H • H • H • H • H • H • H • C • C • C • C • C • C • C • C • H • H • H • H • H • H • H • H • Iso-octane C8H18 Notice both octane and iso-octane have 8 carbon and 18 hydrogen

  12. Fuels from Organisms • Octanes – both have 8 carbon and 18 hydrogen molecules • Octane – is a straight chain • Iso-Octane – is branched chain • Less volatile and less flammable • Added to gasoline to control the rate at which it burns in a car's engine

  13. Fuels from Organisms • In addition to hydrocarbons, many organic fuels contain other chemicals, such as sulfur or lead compounds • These other chemicals are considered to be impurities in the fuel • Some impurities, such as lead in gasoline, improve the ability of the fuel to provide usable energy • Unfortunately, impurities also contribute to the pollution released when the fuels are burned

  14. Fossil Fuels • Like the organisms of today, ancient organisms required energy to carry out their lifeprocesses • Energy from the sun was converted to chemical energy by plants and microorganisms • When these organisms died, some energy remained stored in their cells • If the organisms became buried and did notdecay, this energy remained stored within Earth • Fossil Fuels – Fuels derived from the remains of organisms that lived a long time ago

  15. Fossil Fuels • Examples of fossil fuels: • Coal, • petroleum • (gasoline), • andnaturalgas Section Review • Complete the questions in the section review

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