Energy from Organic Fuels

1. Energy from Organic Fuels F3 Petroleum and Natural Gas

2. Petroleum and Natural Gas • Each kind of fossil fuel occurs naturally in a differentstate of matter • Coal – solid fossil fuel • Petroleum – (crudeoil) liquid fossil fuel • Natural Gas – a fossil fuel in the gaseous state • Coal and Petroleum • Both are formed from the remains of once livingorganisms (fossils) • Both are created byheat and pressure • Coal is solid and made of plant material • Petroleum is liquid and made of the remains of sea organisms

3. Petroleum • Petroleum – made of protists, plants, and animalsliving in shallow seas millions of years ago • The remains settled on the oceanfloor and were covered by sediments • Pressure and heat converted the remains of these organisms into a syrupy liquidcalled petroleum • Pressure of overlying rocks forced the petroleum up through pores and cracks of sedimentaryrocks • Until it became trapped below the surface by nonporous rock such as shale • Other substances, such as water and naturalgas, also became trapped

4. Petroleum • A great deal of pressure can build up in an oil pool trapped deep in the ground • When a well is drilled, pressure forces the oil to shoot upward, forming a gusher • Where there is little or nopressure, oil must be pumped to the surface

5. Petroleum • One of the world's most important resources • Petroleumpumped from a well is separated, or refined, to make a variety of products • Gasolineand jet fuels • Dieselfuel used by trucks, ships, and trains • Fuel oil is used to heat homes • Burned to produce electricity • Grease and other lubricants • Asphaltused to pave roads • Synthetic fabrics such as nylon and polyester • Plasticsare also made from petroleum

6. Petroleum • Because petroleum takes millions of years to form, it is nota renewableresource • As the world’s population increases, so does the demand for petroleum

7. Natural Gas • Natural Gas – a mixture of mostly gaseoushydrocarbons • Methane is the primary component • Other hydrocarbons such as ethaneand propanemay also be present • May be trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and helium

8. Natural Gas • Natural gas has been used for thousands of years • Over 2000 years ago, the Chinese used bamboo poles to pipe natural gas to areas where it was burned in order to boil seawater and recover the salt • The people of Italy made commercial use of natural gas in 1802 when they began burning it to light the streets of Genoa • Today, natural gas is widely used in industry and in many homes and businesses • Natural gas is used instead of coal or oil for heating because it burns cleaner than these other fuels

9. Natural Gas • Used for fuel in stoves, water heaters, and clothes dryers. • Because the natural gas does not have to be converted to electricity first, appliances that use natural gas instead of electricity are more energy-efficient and lessexpensive to use

10. Natural Gas • Natural gas forms in much the same way as petroleum • Often found trapped above petroleum pools • The same wells frequently produces both natural gas and oil • In fact, natural gas is sometimes viewed as a waste, or by-product, of petroleum drilling • Petroleum processing plants, such as the one in the picture, can sometimes be seen burningoff the natural gas

11. Section Review • Complete the questions in the section review